Sex-based comparison of the blood pressure, haemodynamic and cardiac autonomic adaptations following isometric exercise training in sedentary adults: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: We aimed to explore sex-specific differences in resting blood pressure (BP) reduction and associated cardiovascular adaptations following isometric exercise training (IET).

Methods: 100 sedentary adults with normal to high-normal systolic BP volunteered for the study. Participants either performed home-based lower-body IET in the form of a wall squat three times a week for 4 weeks (each session comprised 4×2 min bouts) or were allocated to the control group.

Water-soluble contrast agents in adhesional small bowel obstruction: meta-analysis and PRECIS-2 assessment of trials.

Background: Adhesional small bowel obstruction is a common presentation to acute general surgical services. Initial management is typically conservative and includes the use of water-soluble contrast agents. Current trials assessing water-soluble contrast agents are limited by sample size and demonstrate contrasting results.

Effect of Exercise Training on Apolipoproteins: Meta-analysis and Trial Sequence Analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of exercise training on common lipid subunits. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials for randomized, controlled trials of exercise training versus sedentary controls that reported lipid subunits including apolipoprotein-AI, apolipoprotein-AII, apolipoprotein-B, high density cholesterol-2, high density cholesterol-3 and lipoprotein (a) up until January 31, 2024. Our search identified 2,363 potential studies.

The effect of exercise training on quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating condition associated with poor health outcomes, including reduced quality of life (QoL), frequent hospitalisation and premature mortality.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training on health-related QoL in individuals with CKD requiring dialysis, focusing on mental health scores. Secondary aims included analysing the effect of exercise modality, intensity, and delivery context to maximise exercise training benefits for QoL.

Protective ileostomy creation after anterior resection of the rectum (PICARR): a decision-making exploring international survey.

In our previous survey of experts, surgeon's decision-making process (DMP) about protective ileostomy (PI) creation after anterior resection was investigated. Based on our previous data, a multiple choice questionnaire has been developed. The aim is to perform a quantitative analysis of the results obtained from an international survey and to describe the clinical practice worldwide.

The impact of parastomal hernia on quality of life using data from the CIPHER prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Despite being a common side effect of stoma surgery, little is known about the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impact of parastomal hernia (PSH). We studied the association between HRQoL and self-reported PSH using data from the large CIPHER prospective cohort study of patients living with a stoma.

Methods: Over 12 months, HRQoL was captured at up to four time points for 2,341 individuals with stomas using EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L).

Biomarkers in coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Little information exists regarding the detection of early coronary heart disease protein biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate several potential candidates.

Methods: Systematic review was carried out followed by meta-analysis.

The effect of exercise training in people with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with high mortality and economic costs. Exercise has potential benefits for pre-dialysis CKD management. This review examines the impact of exercise on CKD patients not on dialysis, focusing on improvement in various health parameters.

The Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise training (EXTr) improves some lipid markers but not others; the literature is dated and analyses may be underpowered.

Objectives: To clarify which lipid markers are altered with ExTr and establish if information size had yet reached futility.

Operative versus conservative management for inguinal hernia: a methodology scoping review of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: There is a lack of consensus on the management of inguinal hernia with limited symptoms. To address this issue a systematic review of existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed to critically appraise all existing data on asymptomatic hernia management, focusing on generalizability.

Methods: A scoping review to identify all RCTs comparing surgical and conservative management of patients with inguinal hernias was undertaken.

Surgical practices in emergency umbilical hernia repair and implications for trial design.

Introduction: There is variation in the investigation, management, and surgical technique of acutely symptomatic umbilical hernias and optimal strategies remain to be established. This survey aimed to identify key variables influencing decision-making and preferred surgical techniques in emergency umbilical hernia care to help inform trial design and understand potential challenges to trial delivery.

Methods: A survey was distributed to surgeons through social media, personal contacts, and ASGBI lists.

Development of a core descriptor set for parastomal hernia repair.

Aim: Parastomal hernia repair is a poorly evidenced area, with uncertainty around the optimum management. There is considerable heterogeneity within the patient cohort, and currently there is no standardization of patient descriptors in the reporting of parastomal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to develop a core descriptor set of key patient characteristics for patients undergoing surgical repair of a parastomal hernia for reporting in all parastomal hernia research.

Comparison of Medical Research Abstracts Written by Surgical Trainees and Senior Surgeons or Generated by Large Language Models.

Importance: Artificial intelligence (AI) has permeated academia, especially OpenAI Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), a large language model. However, little has been reported on its use in medical research.

Objective: To assess a chatbot's capability to generate and grade medical research abstracts.

Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, as Measured by Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Background: Exercise is an important component of rehabilitation care for people with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to critically analyze and summarize the existing evidence from published systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated the effects of different types of exercise interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by peak oxygen consumption in people with CHD.

Methods: Electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro) were searched for SRs of exercise interventions of people with CHD.

Emergency umbilical hernia management: scoping review.

Background: Umbilical hernias, while frequently asymptomatic, may become acutely symptomatic, strangulated or obstructed, and require emergency treatment. Robust evidence is required for high-quality care in this field. This scoping review aims to elucidate evidence gaps regarding emergency care of umbilical hernias.

Resistance is not futile: a systematic review of the benefits, mechanisms and safety of resistance training in people with heart failure.

Exercise offers many physical and health benefits to people with heart failure (CHF), but aerobic training (AT) predominates published literature. Resistance training (RT) provides additional and complementary health benefits to AT in people with CHF; we aimed to elucidate specific health benefits accrued, the mechanism of effect and safety of RT. We conducted a systematic search for RT randomised, controlled trials in people with CHF, up until August 30, 2023.

Some types of exercise interventions are more effective than others in people with coronary heart disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Question: What are the effects of different types of exercise treatments on oxygen consumption, quality of life and mortality in people with coronary heart disease?

Design: Systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Participants: Adults with coronary heart disease.

Intervention: Exercise interventions including aerobic (continuous or high-intensity interval) training, resistance training, respiratory muscle exercises, water-based exercises, yoga, Tai chi, Qigong exercises and a combination of different types of exercise.