Novel inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in adult cardiac surgery: a scoping review.

Purpose: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common cause of postoperative mortality in cardiac surgery that is commonly treated with conventional inhaled therapies, specifically nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Alternative therapies include inhaled milrinone and levosimendan, which are receiving more research interest and are increasing in clinical use as they may cut costs while allowing for easier administration. We sought to conduct a scoping review to appraise the evidence base for the use of these two novel inhaled vasodilators as an intervention for PH in cardiac surgery.

An interdisciplinary student-led multifaceted intervention addressing overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics for patients with penicillin allergies.

Background: Though 15% of hospitalized patients have a documented penicillin (PCN) allergy, fewer than 1% have an IgE-mediated reaction that necessitates avoidance of β-lactam antibiotics.

Objective: Our interdisciplinary team of medical and nursing students led and executed a two-pronged quality improvement intervention to reduce prescribing of non-β-lactam antibiotics (NBLs) for patients with reported PCN allergies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multidisciplinary student-led intervention aimed at educating providers on low-risk penicillin allergy and encouraging best antibiotic prescribing practices.

Hypervalent iodine reactions utilized in carbon-carbon bond formations.

Advances in hypervalent iodine chemistry have put the field on the precipice of a second golden age; the first being pioneered in the 1990s. During that period, C-C bond forming reactions would be published but rarely with the intended goal of developing a C-C bond forming methodology. More recently, the development of hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution, arylations using hypervalent iodine, and photoredox reactions with hypervalent iodine have shown great progress in the area of C-C bond formation.