Processed Pearl Millet Improves the Morphology and Gut Microbiota in Wistar Rats.

This study evaluated the effect of pearl millet subjected to different processing on the intestinal health of rats. The animals were fed a standard iron-free diet (28 days) (hemoglobin depletion: 8.65 + 1.

Cyclic infusion mitigates liver dysfunction associated with continuous total parenteral nutrition in a novel murine model.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving intervention for patients unable to feed enterally but is often associated with parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD), also called intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). This disease is characterized by steatosis, cholestasis, and elevated liver stress markers. Continuous PN induces hepatic injury through mechanisms including insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Exercise-induced microbiota metabolite enhances CD8 T cell antitumor immunity promoting immunotherapy efficacy.

Exercise improves immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in cancers such as melanoma; however, the mechanisms through which exercise mediates this antitumor effect remain obscure. Here, we identify that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in how exercise improves ICI efficacy in preclinical melanoma. Our study demonstrates that exercise stimulates microbial one-carbon metabolism, increasing levels of the metabolite formate, which subsequently enhances cytotoxic CD8 T cell (Tc1)-mediated ICI efficacy.

Inhibitory control is related to fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in adults with overweight and obesity.

Obesity is a pro-inflammatory condition with negative effects on executive functioning. Increased inflammation dysregulates gastrointestinal homeostasis and alters microbiota community composition. The gut microbiota produce immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that have been related to cognition in obesity, but the neural effects are not explored.

The gut microbiome enhances breast cancer immunotherapy following bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery is associated with improved breast cancer (BC) outcomes, including greater immunotherapy effectiveness in a preclinical BC model. A potential mechanism of bariatric surgery-associated protection is the gut microbiota. Here, we demonstrate the dependency of improved immunotherapy response on the post-bariatric surgery gut microbiome via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

Altered hepatic and intestinal homeostasis in a neonatal murine model of short-term total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) prevents starvation and supports metabolic requirements intravenously when patients are unable to be fed enterally. Clinically, infants are frequently provided PN in intensive care settings along with exposure to antibiotics (ABX) to minimize infection during care. Unfortunately, neonates experience extremely high rates of hepatic complications.

Hydration Biomarkers Are Related to the Differential Abundance of Fecal Microbiota and Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein in Adults.

Introduction: Prevalence of chronic hypohydration remains elevated among adults in the USA; however, the health effects of hypohydration in regards to human gut health have not been explored.

Methods: This study examined the relationship between total water intake, hydration biomarkers (first-morning urine specific gravity [FMUsg], first-morning urine volume [FMUvol], and plasma copeptin), fecal microbiota, and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in adults (25-45 years, 64% female). Fecal microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region).