Calcitriol and Tacalcitol Modulate Th17 Differentiation Through Osteopontin Receptors: Age-Dependent Insights from a Mouse Breast Cancer Model.

Purpose: Beyond its direct anticancer effects in breast cancer (BC), vitamin D (VD) also modulates tumor progression and metastasis through immune mechanisms. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells may play a key role in these effects. This study investigates how VD influences Th17 differentiation in 4T1 and 67NR murine BC models.

Vitamin D reduces the expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers in breast cancer patients.

Vitamin D (VD) is known for its immunomodulatory and anticancer effects. This study aimed to characterize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer (BC) and assess the influence of VD and its active metabolite, calcitriol, on their polarization. TAMs were isolated from BC patients and characterized.

Dual effect of vitamin D on breast cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Despite the well-known in vitro antitumoral effect of vitamin D (VD), its impact on breast CAFs is almost unknown. In this study, we analyzed the ex vivo effects of calcitriol on CAFs isolated from breast cancer tissues.

Calcitriol promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer via the induction of proinflammatory cytokines.

Our research found that vitamin D (VD) treatment increased lung metastasis in mice with 4T1 murine breast cancer (BC). This study aims to investigate the impact of VD on the activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in BC. Mice bearing 4T1, E0771, 67NR BC cells, and healthy mice, were fed diets with varying VD contents (100-deficient, 1000-normal, and 5000 IU/kg-elevated).

Modulation of Fibroblast Activity via Vitamin D Is Dependent on Tumor Type-Studies on Mouse Mammary Gland Cancer.

Vitamin D and its analogs are known to modulate the activity of fibroblasts under various disease conditions. However, their impact on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is yet to be fully investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) from the lung of mice bearing 4T1, 67NR, and E0771 cancers and healthy mice fed vitamin-D-normal (1000 IU), -deficient (100 IU), and -supplemented (5000 IU) diets.

Calcitriol in the Presence of Conditioned Media from Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Ex Vivo Polarization of M2 Alternative Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages.

In this study, we differentiated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) into M0, M1, and M2 in the presence or absence of calcitriol. Real-time PCR analysis of gene expression, FACS analysis of surface markers, and chemokine/cytokine production assays were performed. In addition, the effect of the conditioned media (CM) from murine breast cancer 4T1 (metastatic) and 67NR (non-metastatic) and Eph4-Ev (normal) cells with and without calcitriol on the polarization of M1/M2 cells was determined.

Vitamin D Metabolite Profile in Cholecalciferol- or Calcitriol-Supplemented Healthy and Mammary Gland Tumor-Bearing Mice.

To analyze if the prometastatic activity of calcitriol (active vitamin D metabolite), which was previously observed in a 4T1 breast cancer model, is also found in other breast cancers, and to assess the impact of various schemes of vitamin D supply, we used 4T1 and E0771 mouse metastatic and 67NR nonmetastatic cells in this study. BALB/c and C57BL/6 healthy and tumor-bearing mice were exposed to a control (1000 IU), low- (100 IU), and high- (5000 IU) vitamin D diets. Additionally, from day 7 of tumor transplantation, the 1000 and 100 IU groups were gavaged with calcitriol (+cal).