MLN4924, neddylation inhibitor suppresses hypoxia induced retinal angiogenesis by targeting Human Antigen R signaling.

Purpose: Retinal hypoxia is a key pathological stimulus for neovascularization, leading to abnormal proliferation of blood vessels and vascular endothelial dysfunction leading to vision threatening conditions. The anti-angiogenic potential of MLN4924, a specific inhibitor of neddylation signaling has been evidenced in cancer cells, but remains abstract as therapy for ocular angiogenesis in normal retinal cells. The current work intended to delineate a novel molecular signaling cascade of combating retinal angiogenesis by inhibiting the neddylation-Human Antigen R (HuR) signaling pathway using MLN4924.

Adiponectin-induced activation of ERK1/2 drives fibrosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Adiponectin (APN), a vasoactive cytokine produced by adipocytes, has emerged as a critical player in retinal diseases. Renowned for its antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, APN levels are closely linked to metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our previous work demonstrated that APN is similar in efficiency as Avastin in limiting neovascularization in retinal endothelial cells.

A Study on the Candidate Gene Association and Interaction with Measures of UV Exposure in Pseudoexfoliation Patients from India.

Purpose: Environmental and genetic factors are associated with development of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS). Here we intended to elucidate the association of candidate genes in relevance to UV exposure in these patients.

Methods: This is a case-control study of 309 subjects ( = 219 controls and 90 XFS cases) from India.

Evaluating the impact of ocular UV exposure for the development for pseudoexfoliation syndrome in a South Indian population.

Clinical Relevance: Pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) can be influenced by environmental factors such as solar exposure/occupational factors and genetic factors.

Background: The study aims to assess the association of lifetime ocular UV exposure and its impact on the risk of development of XFS.

Methods: All eligible subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination.

Effect of brilliant Blue-G on cellular stress response in retinal pigment epithelial cells: In vitro.

To assess the cellular stress evoked by exposure of Brilliant Blue-G (BBG), adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells were treated with various dilutions of BBG in balanced salt solution plus (BSS-PLUS) with and without endoillumination (Alcon Constellation Vision System). The treatments lasted for acute periods of 2 and 5 min. MTT and presto blue assays were performed to assess the changes in cell viability; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was quantified by DCFDA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate) assay, and the expression of inflammatory stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) genes were quantified by qPCR.

Anti-angiogenic effect of adiponectin in human primary microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells.

Neovascularization in retina and choroid involves interplay of many cytokines and growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) being a pro-angiogenic molecule has been found to be high in aqueous and vitreous humour of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). VEGF is also found in the fibroblast and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) of choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes isolated from patients.

Inhibition of angiogenesis in endothelial cells by Human Lysyl oxidase propeptide.

Angiogenesis is a critical process involved in normal physiology. Pathological angiogenesis is observed in vascular diseases and neoplasia. The propeptide domain of LOX (LOX-PP) has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis in various cancers.

Hyperglycemia induced early growth response-1 regulates vascular dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells.

Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) protein upregulation is reported in diabetes and vascular disorders. This study aims at deciphering its role in hyperglycemia induced changes of retinal endothelium. Human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) were exposed to hyperglycemia (25mM) and normoglycemia (5.

Changes in nutrient profile of soil subjected to bioleaching for removal of heavy metals using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.

Studies were carried out to assess changes in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in soil during bioleaching of heavy metals from soil contaminated by tannery effluents. Indigenous sulfur oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans isolated from the contaminated soil were used for bioremediation. Solubilization efficiency of chromium, cadmium, copper and zinc from soil was 88, 93, 92 and 97%, respectively.

Manganese biosorption sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Experiments conducted by pre-treating the fermentation industrial waste biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with laboratory grade chemicals like formaldehyde-formic acid, ethanol, triethyl phosphite-nitromethane, dithiopyridine and benzene helped in studying the roles played by amines, carboxylic acids, phosphates, sulfhydryl group and lipids present on the cell wall of the biomass in manganese biosorption. Potentiometric titration of S. cerevisiae revealed the presence of carboxyl, phosphate, amine groups.