Anilinium-to-Azonium Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in a Cationic Scaffold Exhibiting Multitunable Emission.

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) confers multiple useful photophysical characteristics to organic fluorophores, such as a large Stokes shift and tunable emission. Herein, we have designed an ESIPT-active scaffold . diaminoazobenzene.

Room Temperature Superfluorescence from an Electron-Hole Liquid.

Superfluorescence, a coherent burst of light from an excited ensemble of emitters, is a crucial quantum optical phenomenon with far-reaching implications in nanophotonics and many-body optical processes. Despite its observation in various systems, realizing superfluorescence in an electron-hole plasma (EHP) at room temperature has remained a formidable challenge, hindering the development of continuous-wave and electrically excited superfluorescence devices. Herein, we address this challenge by condensing the high-density EHP into an electron-hole liquid (EHL) at room temperature, thereby preserving quantum coherence.

A pilot phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to explore the antiviral activity, clinical outcomes, safety, and tolerability of rilematovir at two dose levels in non-hospitalized adults with respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Objectives: To assess the antiviral effect, clinical outcomes, and safety of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion inhibitor rilematovir in non-hospitalized RSV-infected adults.

Methods: This phase 2a, double-blind, multicentre study randomly assigned RSV-positive adult outpatients ≤5 days from symptom onset 1:1:1 to receive rilematovir 500 mg, 80 mg, or placebo once-daily for 7 days. Antiviral effect was assessed by RSV RNA viral load (VL), measured by quantitative RT-PCR, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates of time to undetectable VL.

Ease of Use of the iGlarLixi SoloStar Pen from the LixiLan ONE CAN Pen Sub-Study: Questionnaire Findings from People Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Their HealthCare Providers.

Introduction: For people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who do not achieve glycated hemoglobin A1C targets after treatment with basal insulin therapies, additional therapy with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) may be required. One option is to use a once-daily fixed-ratio combination (FRC) of basal insulin and a GLP-1 RA such as iGlarLixi (which is composed of insulin glargine 100 U/ml and lixisenatide). However, the ease of transitioning from basal insulin to an FRC has not been studied.

Replacement of a Björk-Shiley tilting disc mitral valve prosthesis 33 years after initial replacement.

Björk-Shiley tilting disc prosthesis was the first tilting disc prosthesis to be used worldwide on a large-scale basis. Herein, we report a case of a 67-year-old male presenting with severe prosthetic valvular dysfunction. He had undergone mitral valve replacement with Björk-Shiley valve at some other center in 1987.

ACC inhibitor alone or co-administered with a DGAT2 inhibitor in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: two parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 2a trials.

Alterations in lipid metabolism might contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no pharmacological agents are currently approved in the United States or the European Union for the treatment of NAFLD. Two parallel phase 2a studies investigated the effects of liver-directed ACC1/2 inhibition in adults with NAFLD.

Antifibrinolytics and cardiac surgery: The past, the present, and the future.

Cardiac surgery is usually associated with significant blood loss, which often necessitates blood transfusion. In order to decrease the risks associated with the latter, pharmacological as well as nonpharmacological strategies have been used to reduce blood loss. Among the pharmacological approaches, antifibrinolytic drugs are the mainstay.

A randomized lot-to-lot immunogenicity consistency study of the candidate zoster vaccine HZ/su.

Background: The risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ) increases with age and is thought to be associated with a decrease in cell-mediated immunity in older adults. The adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) recombinant subunit vaccine (HZ/su) showed >90% efficacy in the prevention of HZ when administered in adults ≥50 years of age. Here we aim to evaluate immunogenicity consistency of 3 different HZ/su vaccine lots and to assess safety of these lots.

Immunogenicity and Safety of an Adjuvanted Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine Coadministered With Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Adults Aged 50 Years or Older.

Background: The immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit (HZ/su) vaccine when coadministered with a quadrivalent seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) was investigated in a phase 3, open-label, randomized clinical trial in adults aged ≥50 years.

Methods: Subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive either HZ/su (varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E; AS01B Adjuvant System) and IIV4 at day 0 followed by a second HZ/su dose at month 2 (coadministration group), or IIV4 at month 0 and HZ/su at months 2 and 4 (control group). The primary objectives were the HZ/su vaccine response rate in the coadministration group and the noninferiority of the antibody responses to HZ/su and IIV4 in the coadministration compared with the control group.

Metformin extended-release versus immediate-release: An international, randomized, double-blind, head-to-head trial in pharmacotherapy-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

This international, randomized, double-blind trial (NCT01864174) compared the efficacy and safety of metformin extended-release (XR) and immediate-release (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes. After a 4-week placebo lead-in, pharmacotherapy-naïve adults with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 7.0% to 9.

A Randomized, Controlled, Observer-Blinded Phase 1 Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine With or Without Alum Adjuvant.

Background:  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of childhood bronchiolitis and pneumonia, particularly in early infancy. Immunization of pregnant women could boost preexisting immune responses, providing passive protection to newborns through placental transfer of anti-RSV antibody.

Methods:  In this first-in-humans clinical trial of a purified recombinant RSV protein F vaccine engineered to preferentially maintain prefusion conformation (RSV-PreF), 128 healthy men 18-44 years old were randomized to one dose of a RSV-PreF vaccine containing 10, 30, or 60 µg of RSV-PreF antigen, with or without alum adjuvant, or control, and followed for one year for safety and immunogenicity outcomes.

Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Administered Intramuscularly to Children 6 to 35 Months of Age in 2012-2013: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Multicenter, Multicountry, Clinical Trial.

Background: Influenza attack rates are high in 6- to 35-month-old children; vaccines containing both lineages of influenza B (Yamagata and Victoria), in addition to the H3N2 and H1N1 antigens, may improve protection rates.

Methods: In a randomized double-blind controlled trial, the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) and a trivalent control vaccine (TIV) were assessed.

Results: Six hundred one children (QIV, n = 299; TIV, n = 302) were enrolled at 8 sites in 3 countries.

Comparison of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Quadrivalent Meningococcal ACWY-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine and a Marketed Quadrivalent Meningococcal ACWY-Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Individuals 10-25 Years of Age.

Background: Universal immunization of adolescents against meningococcal disease with a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) conjugate vaccine is recommended in a number of countries.

Methods: In a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, multicenter trial, 1016 participants, 10-25 years of age, were randomly allocated 1:1:1 to receive a single dose of 1 of 2 lots of an investigational tetanus toxoid-conjugated MenACWY vaccine (MenACWY-TT) or a marketed diphtheria toxoid-conjugated MenACWY vaccine (MenACWY-DT). The primary outcome was the noninferiority of the vaccine response after MenACWY-TT (lot A) compared with MenACWY-DT for all 4 serogroups.

Long-term immunogenicity of an AS03-adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine in young and elderly adults: an observer-blind, randomized trial.

Background: This study (NCT00979602) evaluated the immunogenicity and relative protective efficacy of one dose of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine with or without AS03 (an α-tocopherol oil-in-water emulsion based Adjuvant System).

Methods: Four thousands and forty-eight healthy adults aged ≥ 18 years were randomized (1:1) to receive one dose of either the adjuvanted split virion (3.75 μg hemagglutinin antigen [HA]/AS03) or non-adjuvanted (15 μg HA) vaccine.

Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate: a phase III randomized controlled trial in children.

Background: Mismatch between circulating influenza B viruses (Yamagata and Victoria lineages) and vaccine strains occurs frequently.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate (QIV) versus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV)-Victoria(Vic) and TIV-Yamagata(Yam) in children 3-17 years of age was evaluated. In an open-label study arm, QIV only was assessed in children 6-35 months of age.

Randomized, multicenter trial of a single dose of AS03-adjuvanted or unadjuvanted H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine in children 6 months to <9 years of age: safety and immunogenicity.

Background: During the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of different H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccines delivering various viral hemagglutinin (HA) doses with or without AS03 (a tocopherol oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant system) in children (NCT00976820).

Methods: Three hundred twenty-two healthy children 6 months to <9 years of age were randomized to receive 2 doses of nonadjuvanted (15 µg or 7.5 µg HA) or adjuvanted vaccine (3.

Dose-ranging effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.

Research Design And Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, dose-ranging study in 451 subjects randomized to canagliflozin 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg once daily (QD) or 300 mg twice daily (BID), sitagliptin 100 mg QD, or placebo. Primary end point was change in A1C from baseline through week 12.

Randomized trial: immunogenicity and safety of coadministered human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine and combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in girls.

Purpose: This randomized, open, controlled, multicenter study (110886/NCT00578227) evaluated human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (HPV-16/18 vaccine) coadministered with inactivated hepatitis A and B (HAB) vaccine. Coprimary objectives were to demonstrate noninferiority of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and HPV-16/18 immune responses at month 7 when vaccines were coadministered, compared with the same vaccines administered alone.

Methods: Healthy girls (9-15 years) were age-stratified (9, 10-12, and 13-15 years) and randomized to receive HPV (n = 270), HAB (n = 271), or HPV + HAB (n = 272).

Pulse oximeter accuracy and precision at five different sensor locations in infants and children with cyanotic heart disease.

Since the invention of pulse oximetry by Takuo Aoyagi in the early 1970s, its use has expanded beyond the perioperative care into neonatal, paediatric and adult intensive care units (ICUs). Pulse oximetry is one of the most important advances in respiratory monitoring as its readings (SpO(2)) are used clinically as an indirect estimation of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)). Sensors were placed frequently on the sole, palm, ear lobe or toes in addition to finger.

Comparison of the errors in basic life support performance after training using the 2000 and 2005 ERC guidelines.

The importance of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation after cardiac arrest is established. The 2005 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines were altered to try to improve survival after cardiac arrest. This observational study compares the errors in basic life support (BLS) performance after training using the 2000 or 2005 guidelines.

Management of a case of endobronchial blood clot in the post operative period.

Endobronchial blood clot is an unusual cause of airway obstruction leading to lung collapse in the postoperative period. It is not always easy to pin point the exact etiology in the presence of multiple risk factors. Pulmonary collapse can herald the onset of severe haemodynamic derangements and hypoxemia.

Efficacy of combined modified and conventional ultrafiltration during cardiac surgery in children.

Thirty children undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were prospectively studied to assess beneficial effects of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) over and above conventional ultrafiltration (CUF). Transoesophaegeal echocardiography determined ejection fraction (EF), fractional area change (FAC) and posterior wall thickness in end-diastole and end-systole were measured and compared in two groups undergoing CUF (group I) and CUF plus MUF (group II). Haemodynamic data, haematocrit, temperature drift, postoperative chest tube drainage in first 48 hours, ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were also recorded.