Socio-demographics and asthma prevalence, management, and outcomes among children 1-11 years of age in California.

Background: Asthma disproportionately affects minority and low-income children. We examined asthma prevalence, management and outcomes, focusing on race/ethnicity and acculturation of parents (particularly English language proficiency).

Methods: This cross-sectional, correlational analysis used a de-identified population-based survey, the California Health Interview Survey, for years 2001-2015.

Factors influencing implementation of personalized prevention plans among annual wellness visit patients using the theory of planned behavior: A quantitative study.

Background: The Affordable Care Act provides Medicare Part B beneficiaries access to cost-free Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs). Patients receive health behavior recommendations from a Personalized Prevention Plan (PPP) during AWV encounters.

Aims: To identify factors clinical pharmacists can use to influence adoption of PPPs in primary care practices.

Barriers and facilitators to the HPV vaccine among mothers of adolescent girls: a qualitative study conducted in Trinidad and Tobago.

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may prevent thousands of cases of cervical cancer. The current study explored barriers and facilitators that affected the acceptance of the HPV vaccine by mothers of adolescents. This paper explores the qualitative findings from a larger mixed-methods study.

Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Adaptations Among Cancer-Survivors Following a 26-Week Exercise Intervention.

Cardiotoxicity as a result of cancer treatment contributes to autonomic dysfunction and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness among cancer survivors. These deleterious cardiovascular outcomes reduce the survival prognosis for cancer patients and contribute to poor quality of life among survivors. Exercise interventions have been shown as effective in mitigating treatment-related side effects.

Assessing Medicare Patients' Salient Beliefs to Improve Annual Wellness Visit Health Outcomes.

To identify key beliefs that influence behavior, regarding Medicare's Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) and older patients' willingness to implement personalized prevention plans.
Cross-sectional. In-depth semi-structured focus group sessions with Medicare patients in July 2018.

Fall-related Comorbidity and Health Beliefs among Cancer Survivors Participating in a Community-based Exercise Intervention.

Objectives: Health beliefs (HB) and fall and balance-related outcomes were examined following a 26-week community-based exercise intervention among cancer survivors (CS).

Methods: Fall and balance-related measures and HB were quantitatively and qualitatively examined during a 26-week intervention among CS (N = 33). Of the 33 participants, 28 consented to an interview about their physical activity (PA) behavior.

An examination of ecological predictors of health literacy in black college students.

Objective: Health literacy is a determinant of health, but disparities in health literacy persist. This study examined the influence of ecological factors on college students' health literacy.

Participants: During January 2016 a nonrandom sample of black undergraduate students (n = 298) aged 18-24 were recruited from enrollment lists at two urban universities in the Southeastern United States.

Burden of Hearing Loss on Communication Partners and Its Influence on Pursuit of Hearing Evaluation.

Objective: Describe how the burden on the communication partner (CP) from the patient's hearing loss, as perceived by both the patient and their CP, influences a patient's pursuit of hearing evaluation.

Design: Cross-sectional design. Demographics, perception of patient's hearing loss, and associated burden on the CP were collected from both patient and CP via online questionnaires.

Factors influencing pursuit of hearing evaluation: Enhancing the health belief model with perceived burden from hearing loss on communication partners.

Objective: There is limited application of health behavior-based theoretical models in hearing healthcare, yet other fields utilizing these models have shown their value in affecting behavior change. The health belief model (HBM) has demonstrated appropriateness for hearing research. This study assessed factors that influence an individual with suspected hearing loss to pursue clinical evaluation, with a focus on perceived burden of hearing loss on communication partners, using the HBM as a framework.

Predicting Malawian Women's Intention to Adhere to Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: With the increase in scaling up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), knowledge of the need for adherence to ART is pivotal for successful treatment outcomes.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October and December 2013. We administered theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and adherence questionnaires to 358 women aged 18-49 years, from a rural and urban ART-clinics in southern Malawi.

Health Beliefs About Tobacco With Betel Nut Use Among Adults in Yap, Micronesia.

Tobacco use is high among Pacific Islanders in general and little tobacco research has been done in Yap, Micronesia. This study aimed to explore perceptions of tobacco use coupled with chewing of betel (areca) nut among adults in Yap using self-administered questionnaires based on the health belief model. A Likert scale (ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree or very unlikely to very likely) was used to measure susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy among individuals aged 18 and older.

Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among Women in Southern Malawi: Healthcare Providers' Perspectives.

Background. The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare providers' perspectives on antiretroviral (ART) adherence in two ART clinics in southern Malawi. Nonadherence to ART is a significant hindrance to the success of HIV/AIDS treatment.

Contextual factors influencing health-related quality of life in African American and Latina breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: This study explored the relationships between systemic- and individual-level contextual factors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of African American and Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods: Baseline questionnaire data of 320 BCS who participated in a HRQOL psycho-educational intervention were abstracted from the parent study. Hierarchical regression analysis tested the independent effects of contextual factors on HRQOL.

Using the theory of planned behavior to predict infant restraint use in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) predicted intent of child restraint system (CRS) use among pregnant women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in Dallah Hospital, Riyadh, KSA during June-July 2013, 196 pregnant women completed surveys assessing their beliefs regarding CRS. Simultaneous observations were conducted among a different sample of 150 women to determine CRS usage at hospital discharge following maternity stay.

Saudi women's beliefs on the use of car infant restraints: a qualitative study.

Objective: The focus of this study was to identify the salient beliefs of pregnant women in Saudi Arabia that may influence their intentions to use infant restraints for their children. These beliefs were later used to inform a subsequent quantitative study.

Methods: This qualitative study employed Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to elicit the salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of Saudi pregnant women regarding the use of infant restraints for their future children.

Religious involvement and health-related behaviors among Black Seventh-Day Adventists in Canada.

Background: Most studies that involve Black Seventh-Day Adventists (SDAs) have been conducted in the United States. We sought to examine the association between religious involvement and lifestyle practices among Black SDAs in Canada.

Method: A convenience sample of 509 Black SDA church members 18 years and older completed a self-administered questionnaire, assessing religious involvement and seven lifestyle practices promoted by the SDA church: diet, physical activity, water intake, exposure to sunlight, alcohol use, caffeine and tobacco use, and rest.

How do diet and body mass index impact dental caries in Hispanic elementary school children?

Purpose: The purpose of this observational study was to examine the association between body mass index and dental caries in Hispanic children. The research evaluated the influences of obesity, diet, parent education level, family acculturation, tooth brushing habits and gender as predictors of childhood caries.

Methods: One examiner visually screened 177 third grade students from 3 elementary schools located in southern California's Coachella Valley.

Predicting Mexican youths' intention to engage in risky behaviors: applying moral norms to the theory of planned behavior.

This study explored if moral norms as applied to the theory of planned behavior (TPB) account for additional variance in predicting intention to consume alcohol, smoke cigarettes, and engage in sexual activity among youth at a high school in Mexico. Additionally, it investigated if moral norms provide a moderating influence on the constructs of the theory: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control for prediction of risky behavior intention. Multiple regression analyses identified predictive power of constructs; interactions of moral norms with the theory constructs were studied.

Closing the gap in mammogram screening: an experimental intervention among low-income Hispanic women in community health clinics.

A low rate of mammogram screening exists among low-income Hispanic women. To address this disparity, an experimental intervention containing audiovisual and written media was conducted using the health belief model as a framework. The purpose of this study was to determine if low-income Hispanic women, more than 40 years of age, who received targeted cancer prevention education (n = 105) had a significantly greater perceived threat of breast cancer, greater benefits and lower barriers to screening, and stronger intentions to obtain mammograms compared to a control group (n = 105).

Partner communication and HIV testing among US Chinese college students.

Objectives: To explore the role of partner communication and relationship status on HIV testing among Chinese/Chinese American college students in northern California.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design to conduct focus groups and an online or paper-pencil questionnaire (N = 230).

Results: The majority (60%) of respondents were in committed partnerships, with 21% in casual partnerships.

Peer support and breastfeeding intentions among black WIC participants.

The purpose of this study was to identify what factors impact low-income women's infant feeding decisions. A cross-sectional convenience sample of 109 black pregnant women, ages 18 to 45, regularly attending Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) clinics and associated programs in the Inland Empire Region of California were recruited to complete a structured questionnaire about their breastfeeding beliefs and intentions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore participant's intentions to breastfeed.

Health beliefs and the prevention of hypertension in a black population living in London.

In the United Kingdom, the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension is much higher in Blacks than in Whites. We studied a convenience sample of 312 persons aged 25-79 years from 17 predominantly Black Seventh-Day Adventist churches across London by using the health belief model to examine their beliefs about the prevention of hypertension. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and anthropometric data, lifestyle practices, and perceptions toward hypertension by using the health belief model constructs of susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.

Perceived church-based needs and assets for HIV/AIDS prevention in an urban Nigerian community.

Health intervention programs have the potential to use church-based assets to address a wide range of health issues. This study examined the assets Nigerian church members believed their churches needed, including the assets they thought they had to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. Eight hundred and thirty members from 83 churches completed a questionnaire designed from forum focus group data.

Gender differences in perceptions of weight and body image and comparison to recommended weight among adult Bermudians.

The objective of this study was to determine adult Bermudians' perceptions of ideal weight, overweight, and body image and to decide if a discrepancy exists between their perceptions and World Health Organization standards. A cross-sectional survey of body weight perceptions was administered to 462 men (n = 207) and women (n = 255), 18-65 years of age and various body weights, living on the Island of Bermuda. Additionally, measurement of height, and weight was collected.

Perceived importance of church-based assets to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in a Nigerian city.

This study explored the extent to which church members thought the assets they might have to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities were important. Eight hundred and thirty members from 83 Christian churches in Aba, Nigeria completed a multi-item survey questionnaire designed to obtain information on the importance they attached to church-based assets relevant to HIV/AIDS prevention and control. The rating of importance of assets was on a scale of 1 to 5.