Evidence-based Diagnosis and Treatment of Vasa Previa.

Vasa previa is an abnormality of the umbilical cord and fetal membranes that affects ∼1 in 1300 pregnancies. The diagnosis is made by visualization of velamentous fetal vessels coursing within the membranes over the cervix unprotected by Wharton jelly or placenta. When it is not diagnosed prenatally, it is associated with a high risk of fetal death.

Perioperative Antibiotics and Other Factors Associated with Postcesarean Infections: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Our objective was to determine modifiable risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) and postpartum endometritis. We hypothesized that inappropriate surgical antibiotic prophylaxis would be a risk factor for both types of infections.

Study Design: This was a single-center case-control study of SSI and endometritis after cesarean delivery over a 2-year period from 2016 to 2017.

History of respiratory problems in prior infant and respiratory morbidity in subsequent pregnancy.

Objective: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of morbidity in preterm neonates. Late preterm births (34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks of gestation) account for three-quarters of preterm births. Delivery in the late preterm period is a well-established risk factor for RDS.

Fetal brain ultrasound measures and maternal nutrition: A feasibility study in Ecuador.

Objective: Nutrition during pregnancy is an important modifiable determinant of fetal growth and development. This pilot study aimed to characterize the association between fetal anthropometry, fetal brain development, and maternal diet among women in Ecuador using portable ultrasound in resource-limited clinics, including measurements of brain structures not typically imaged in this setting.

Methods: Pregnant women (n = 47) from four resource-limited health centers were surveyed on demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, and dietary information.

Insulin Sensitivity and Inflammation Mediate the Impact of Fitness on Cerebrovascular Health in Adolescents.

Background/objectives: To investigate in adolescents the relationships between retinal vessel diameter, physical fitness, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation.

Methods: We evaluated 157 adolescents, 112 with excessive weight and 45 lean, all without type 2 diabetes mellitus. All received detailed evaluations, including measurements of retinal vessel diameter, insulin sensitivity, levels of inflammation, and physical fitness.

Obesity, fitness, and brain integrity in adolescence.

Objective: We set out to ascertain the relationship between insulin resistance, fitness, and brain structure and function in adolescents.

Design And Methods: We studied 79 obese and 51 non-obese participants who were recruited from the community, all without type 2 diabetes mellitus. All participants received medical, endocrine, neuropsychological, and MRI evaluations as well as a 6-minute walk test that was used to estimate fitness (maximal oxygen consumption).