An accurate, reliable, and universal qPCR method to identify homozygous single insert T-DNA with the example of transgenic rice.

Early determination of transgenic plants that are homozygous for a single locus T-DNA insert is highly desirable in most fundamental and applied transgenic research. This study aimed to build on an accurate, rapid, and reliable quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method to fast-track the development of multiple homozygous transgenic rice lines in the T generation, with low copy number to single T-DNA insert for further analyses. Here, a well-established qPCR protocol, based on the reference gene and the terminator, was optimized in the transgenic Japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare, to distinguish homozygous single-insert plants with 100% accuracy.

The dawn of targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): a snapshot of investigational drugs in phase I and II trials.

Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was once thought to be an insurmountable disease marked by a lack of targeted treatments. However, we are now witnessing the dawn of targeted therapies for TNBC in which progress has stemmed from an improved understanding of the components that make TNBC unique. The identification of biomarkers, such as BRCA1/2, PIK3CA and RSK2, have advanced the field remarkably and there is considerable interest in finding novel therapeutics for TNBC that offer durable clinical benefit with fewer adverse events.