Comparing Concurrent and Countercurrent Dialysate Flow in Hemodialysis: A Pilot Study on Hyponatremic Patients.

Background: In hyponatremic patients, concurrent dialysate flow during hemodialysis may be an ideal option to mitigate complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS).

Methods: Present randomized controlled trial enrolled dialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) patients with serum sodium levels < 125 mEq/L during January 2020 over 16 months. Hemodynamically unstable patients, as well as those with a history of seizures and neurological conditions, were excluded.

Biochemical and radiological factors affecting arterio-venous fistula maturation and its comparative outcome between adult and elderly chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: Changing vascular integrity with aging may be a crucial factor presuming Arterio-Venous fistula (AVF) maturation. Present study compared outcome of AVF maturation and associated factors responsible between adult and elderly population.

Methodology: In this prospective observational study, CKD 4/5 patients of age ⩾18 years in whom AVF was planned were included.