Management of urinary stones by experts in stone disease (ESD 2025).

The formation of kidney stones is a complex biologic process involving interactions among genetic, anatomic, dietary, and environmental factors. Traditional lithogenic models were based on urine supersaturation in relation to the activity of crystallization promoters and inhibitors. However, modern research has added new principles such as the "renal epithelial cell response" and the role of inflammation and oxidative stress leading to the development of a "multi-hit hypothesis".

Urine pH, citrate, and beyond: challenges of pharmaceutical stone management in daily urological practice.

Kidney stone disease, or nephrolithiasis, is a prevalent urological condition with variable pathogenesis. Among various factors, urine pH is not only considered to be a more influential factor in stone formation and can aid in the early diagnosis and management of specific stone types such as uric acid, cystine, calcium phosphate and struvite stones, but the role of urine pH in calcium oxalate stones, which comprise most cases, is more complex. Hypocitraturia in routine evaluation is another recognizable factor in lithogenesis, and administration of citrate, a widely used agent in the conservative management of stones.

Exploring pharmacological interventions in benign prostate hyperplasia: the role of cost-effectiveness analysis in daily practice and future directions.

Introduction: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) significantly impacts men's health and quality of life, with its prevalence rising with age. This review critically examines the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for BPH to optimize patient outcomes and healthcare resource utilization.

Areas Covered: This review explores the integration of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) into clinical practice, balancing clinical efficacy with economic efficiency in BPH management.

Obesity rates in renal stone formers from various countries.

Objective: To collect evidence on the rate of obesity in renal stone formers (RSFs) living in different climatic areas and consuming different diets.

Materials And Methods: Data of adult renal stone formers were retrospectively collected by members of U-merge from 13 participant centers in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria (2), China, India, Iraq (2), Italy (2), Nigeria, Pakistan and Poland. The following data were collected: age, gender, weight, height, stone analysis and procedure of stone removal.

Stented versus Non-Stented Snodgrass Urethroplasty for Distal Hypospadia Repair.

Background: Hypospadia is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children. Patients with distal hypospadias can be treated successfully with a tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty, usually with a postoperative urethral stent to divert urine into the diaper or a urine bag for approximately 1 week. However, these stents have their own morbidity and complications.