Advancements and Challenges in the Preoperative Management of Pheochromocytoma in a Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC): A Nationwide Survey.

Background: Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-producing neoplasms of the adrenal medulla that present considerable perioperative management challenges. Despite advances in pharmacologic protocols and surgical techniques, clinical variability, particularly in drug availability (e.g.