Fungal Biosystems for the Fabrication of Copper Nanoparticles: An Effective Approach for the Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms.

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections present a serious global public health threat. This threat is exacerbated by biofilm-forming bacteria that have greater intrinsic resistance to various classes of currently available antibiotics. This study reports the fabrication of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by using a cell-free lysate of ().

Nanoparticulated Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 Antibody Improves Localized Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have successfully transformed clinical oncology against various cancers. However, their widespread utility is limited by low response rates and severe adverse events; thus, a safe and effective approach is required to address these issues. Here, we report the nanoengineering of an anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (aPD-1) to boost the therapeutic effects following direct local administration into tumors.

DNA evidence in illicit drug trafficking: A forensic analysis of transfer DNA between packaging materials.

The illicit drug distribution pathway commonly involves powdered substances encapsulated and distributed in small plastic bags via multiple intermediaries. This study investigated the DNA transfer dynamics between individuals involved in the production, packaging, and transportation of such materials through two experimental pathways. In the first experimental design, we established a two-person chain wherein Participant A manufactured and packaged capsules into zip lock bags (ZLBs), which were subsequently transported by Participant C for a four-day period.

A Case Report on Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and its Devastating Complications: A Persistent Challenge in Developing Countries.

This case report highlights a severe presentation of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in a resource-limited setting, complicated by dural sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and neck abscess. It underscores the life-threatening potential of untreated CSOM and the urgent need for early intervention and awareness in developing countries.

Paraphrase detection for Urdu language text using fine-tune BiLSTM framework.

Automated paraphrase detection is crucial for natural language processing (NL) applications like text summarization, plagiarism detection, and question-answering systems. Detecting paraphrases in Urdu text remains challenging due to the language's complex morphology, distinctive script, and lack of resources such as labelled datasets, pre-trained models, and tailored NLP tools. This research proposes a novel bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) framework to address Urdu paraphrase detection's intricacies.

Bacteriophage therapy: a possible alternative therapy against antibiotic-resistant strains of .

is a notorious, Gram-negative pathogen and is a leading cause of healthcare settings and community-acquired infections. This is the commensal of human microbiota and can invade and cause infections in different body parts. The global emergence of antibiotic resistance in has become a major challenge in the whole medical community.

Correction: SERS-assisted characterization of cell biomass from biofilm-forming strains using chemometric tools.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA06267A.].

Metabolomic Insights into Smoking-Induced Metabolic Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolomes.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality, largely due to the absence of effective, non-invasive biomarkers for early disease detection. Profiling serum metabolomics to identify metabolic changes holds the potential to accelerate the detection process and identify individuals at risk of developing smoking-related diseases.

Objectives: This study investigated the biochemical and metabolomic changes induced by nicotine exposure, with a focus on disruptions in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.

Interplay Between Phytohormones and Sugar Metabolism in .

, a species of giant bamboo, holds significant ecological and economic value. This review delves into the intricate interplay between phytohormones and sugar metabolism in , emphasizing species-specific mechanisms that enhance its ecological adaptability and rapid growth. By synthesizing recent research, this work highlights how phytohormones, including auxins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid, regulate sugar metabolism pathways such as glycolysis and starch degradation in response to environmental stimuli.

SERS-assisted characterization of cell biomass from biofilm-forming strains using chemometric tools.

() is an emerging Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen responsible for infection on a global scale. It has the ability to develop biofilms on different surfaces, especially abiotic surfaces, which is considered a major contributor of its pathogenicity. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) holds great potential as an effective method for identifying and characterizing the biochemical composition of biofilm-forming species.

Synergistic effects of zP-1 phage and ampicillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital staff.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance.

Aim: This study aimed to isolate bacteriophages targeting MRSA and evaluate their antimicrobial activity in combination with antibiotics.

Methods: Nasal samples from hospital staff (n = 50) were used to isolate MRSA strains, and sewage samples were processed for phage isolation using the double agar overlay technique.

Methods of extraction of genetic material from hard tissues: A review of the 21st century advancements.

Skeletal remains are the only source of the genetic material of decomposed organisms or once-lived species. Unlike, soft tissues they are highly mineralized, and their anatomical and morphological structure prevents their deformation in the presence of adverse environmental factors. Therefore, bones and teeth protect the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) inside them.

Targeting DOT1L and EZH2 synergizes in breaking the germinal center identity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Differentiation of antigen-activated B cells into proproliferative germinal center (GC) B cells depends on the activity of the transcription factors myelocytoma (MYC) and B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), and the epigenetic writers disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). GCB-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCLs) arise from GCB cells and closely resemble their cell of origin. Given the dependency of GCB cells on DOT1L and EZH2, we investigated the role of these epigenetic regulators in GCB-DLBCLs and observed that GCB-DLBCLs synergistically depend on the combined activity of DOT1L and EZH2.

Metabolomic Analysis of Nicotine-Induced Metabolic Disruptions and Their Amelioration by Resveratrol.

This study investigates the metabolic disruptions caused by nicotine (NIC) exposure, with a particular focus on amino acid and lipid metabolism, and evaluates resveratrol (RSV) as a potential protective agent. Mice were divided into four groups: control (CON), NIC-exposed, NIC + RSV-treated, and RSV-only. NIC exposure resulted in significant weight loss, elevated glucose levels, altered lipid profiles, and organ damage, particularly in the liver and kidneys.

Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from burn patients and sewage water: a genomic and proteomic study.

The spectrum of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranges from minor conditions to potentially life-threatening diseases. The rising antibiotic resistance in MRSA often leads to treatment failures, underscoring the urgent need for novel eradication strategies. This study focuses on isolating MRSA from burn patients, determining its antibiogram profile, and isolating and characterizing bacteriophages from sewage water that target MRSA, alongside conducting genomic analysis of the phages.

Stereochemical influence of 4'-methyl substitutions on truncated 4'-thioadenosine derivatives: Impact on A adenosine receptor binding and antagonism.

Herein, we investigated the stereochemical effects of 4'-methyl substitution on A adenosine receptor (AAR) ligands by synthesizing and evaluating a series of truncated 4'-thioadenosine derivatives featuring 4'-α-methyl, 4'-β-methyl, and 4',4'-dimethyl substitutions. We successfully synthesized these derivatives, using the stereoselective addition of an organometallic reagent, KSAc-mediated sulfur cyclization, and Vorbrüggen condensation. Binding assays demonstrated that the 4'-β-methyl substitution conferred the highest affinity for AAR, with compound 1 h exhibiting a K = 3.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in cancer by modulating signaling pathways and addressing clinical challenges.

For centuries, cannabinoids have been utilized for their medicinal properties, particularly in Asian and South-Asian countries. Cannabis plants, known for their psychoactive and non-psychoactive potential, were historically used for spiritual and remedial healing. However, as cannabis became predominantly a recreational drug, it faced prohibition.

Microneedle system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines: a smart and efficient therapeutic approach.

The global demand for an enhanced quality of life and extended lifespan has driven significant advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These fields utilize a range of interdisciplinary theories and techniques to repair structurally impaired or damaged tissues and organs, as well as restore their normal functions. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of medications, materials, and potent cells used at the laboratory level is always constrained by technological limitations.

Composite hydrogels fabricated from CMC-PVA-GG incorporated with ZiF-8 for wound healing applications.

The skin is at risk for injury to external factors since it serves as the body's first line of defense against the external environment. Hydrogels have drawn much interest due to their intrinsic extracellular matrix (ECM) properties and their biomimetic, structural, and durable mechanical characteristics. Hydrogels have enormous potential use in skin wound healing due to their ability to deliver bioactive substances easily.

Recent advances of bone tissue engineering: carbohydrate and ceramic materials, fundamental properties and advanced biofabrication strategies ‒ a comprehensive review.

Bone is a dynamic tissue that can always regenerate itself through remodeling to maintain biofunctionality. This tissue performs several vital physiological functions. However, bone scaffolds are required for critical-size damages and fractures, and these can be addressed by bone tissue engineering.

Current progress of protein-based dressing for wound healing applications - A review.

Protein-based wound dressings have garnered increasing interest in recent years owing to their distinct physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The intricate molecular composition of proteins gives rise to unique characteristics, such as exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness, which contribute to the promotion of wound healing. Wound healing is an intricate and ongoing process influenced by multiple causes, and it consists of four distinct phases.

Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances.

In view of their exceptional approach, excellent inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, and interaction with the local extracellular matrix, protein-based polymers have received attention in bone tissue engineering, which is a multidisciplinary field that repairs and regenerates fractured bones. Bone is a multihierarchical complex structure, and it performs several essential biofunctions, including maintaining mineral balance and structural support and protecting soft organs. Protein-based polymers have gained interest in developing ideal scaffolds as emerging biomaterials for bone fractured healing and regeneration, and it is challenging to design ideal bone substitutes as perfect biomaterials.

An ensemble deep learning models approach using image analysis for cotton crop classification in AI-enabled smart agriculture.

Background: Agriculture is one of the most crucial assets of any country, as it brings prosperity by alleviating poverty, food shortages, unemployment, and economic instability. The entire process of agriculture comprises many sectors, such as crop cultivation, water irrigation, the supply chain, and many more. During the cultivation process, the plant is exposed to many challenges, among which pesticide attacks and disease in the plant are the main threats.