Functional dysconnectivity in triple and reward networks among adolescents with borderline personality disorder.

Background: In adolescents, the role of functional dysconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SAN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and reward network as markers of borderline personality disorder (BPD) remains uncertain.

Methods: A total of 45 adolescents with BPD comorbid with a mood disorder (bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder), 31 adolescents without BPD but with a mood disorder, and 47 healthy adolescents were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging.

Reduced levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were associated with psychopathology in youth with first-episode schizophrenia.

Background: Youth is a critical period for brain development, yet first-episode schizophrenia (FES) during this stage remains understudied, particularly concerning the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in schizophrenia-related psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction.

Methods: This study enrolled 32 youth (ages 12-24) with FES and 35 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Serum VEGF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Depressive symptom domains exert different effects on proinflammatory cytokines and inhibitory control function among patients with major affective disorders.

Background: Studies have demonstrated the shared and distinct etiologies of different depressive symptom domains. However, less is known about the effects of the three depressive symptom domains, namely the dysphoria, retardation, and vegetative domains, on inhibitory control function and proinflammatory cytokine profiles.

Methods: Our study enrolled 327 adolescent and adult patients with major affective disorders, namely bipolar disorder (n = 94) and major depressive disorder (n = 233).

Predicting 5-Year Survival and Mortality in Dementia Patients: A Data-Driven Approach Using XGBoost for Enhanced Care and Resource Allocation.

Objective: This study develops an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) regression model to identify key predictors of mortality and 5-year survival in dementia patients, highlighting the role of comorbidities. The findings highlight key risk factors that may facilitate targeted adjustments in clinical care and resource allocation for high-risk patients.

Methods: We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance dataset to develop and validate an XGBoost model predicting 5-year survival in dementia patients aged 65 years or older.

Dementia Risk Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Does Antidepressant Class Matter?

Background: The association between the risk of dementia and different classes of antidepressants, as well as the potential influence of treatment resistance or response, remains unexplored in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 30,390 patients with MDD and 24,312 well-matched controls were enrolled between 2002 and 2004. We stratified the antidepressant-resistant depression (ART, n = 6,078) and antidepressant-responsive depression (ARP, n = 24,312) groups.

Soluble interleukin-6 receptor-associated functional connectivity as an indicator of bipolar disorder prognosis.

Background: Predictive neurobiological markers are essential for indicating the prognosis of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Exploring the association between soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and alterations in functional connectivity (FC) may contribute to an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of BD. Therefore, on the basis of the heterogeneous types of inflammation exhibited by patients with BD, sIL-6-associated FC was investigated as a predictor of various treatment responses.

Low-grade inflammation, cognitive dysfunction, impulsivity, and appetite hormone dysregulation in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Research has identified an inflammatory biotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the relation between low-grade inflammation (LGI), subjective clinical symptoms, appetite hormone regulation, and cognitive function in adolescents with ADHD remain unclear.

Methods: In all, 88 adolescents with ADHD and 65 healthy adolescents participated in this study.

Klotho and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels and Their Association With Inhibitory Dyscontrol in Adolescents With First-Episode Major Affective Disorders.

The roles of Klotho and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the pathomechanisms underlying first episode major affective disorders as well as their impact on related inhibitory control function remain unclear. This study included 44 adolescents with first-episode bipolar disorder, 60 with first-episode major depressive disorder, and 46 age matched healthy controls between January 1, 2021, and August 31, 2024. criteria were used to make the diagnoses of 2 major affective disorders.

Bidirectional Association Between Peripheral Vestibular Disorders and Depressive Disorders: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.

Background: An increasing body of evidence indicates that peripheral vestibular disorders (PVDs) are associated with depressive disorders. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the temporal and causal relationships between the aforementioned disorders.

Objective: To clarify the bidirectional association between peripheral vestibular disorders and depressive disorders.

Disruption of the retinoid X receptor-PPAR-γ axis is associated with appetite hormone dysregulation and cognitive dysfunction: A cross-sectional study of adolescents with first-episode bipolar disorder.

Background: The role of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) axis in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains poorly understood. The relationship of RXR-PPAR-γ axis disruption with cognitive impairment and appetite hormone dysregulation has yet to be clearly established in individuals with BD.

Methods: A total of 46 adolescents with first-episode BD and 46 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls were enrolled in this study.

Illicit substance exposure in pregnancy and infant mortality risk: a nationwide Taiwan study.

Background: To investigate the association between prenatal illicit substance exposure and infant mortality, addressing the unclear links between specific and multiple substances and increased mortality.

Methods: This 16-year retrospective cohort study used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health dataset, and the Integrated Illegal Drug Database, including 1 937 301 pregnant women who delivered from 2004 to 2019. Among them, 11 477 used illicit drugs during pregnancy, with a matched control group of 45 908 non-users based on maternal age, income, and childbirth year.

Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Prolonged Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Older Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Background: Older treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients with transportation concerns may struggle to complete 30-36 repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) sessions. Uninsured rTMS medical costs may be another issue in certain nations. 2-Week prolonged intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS1800) to the left-sided dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) demonstrated similar antidepressant efficacy to standard rTMS or iTBS in adults with TRD.

Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia in Patients With Peripheral Vestibular Disorders: A Longitudinal Study of 140,726 Participants.

The associations between peripheral vestibular disorders (PVDs)-specifically Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, and unspecified PVD-and dementia risk are unclear. By using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, this study included 70,363 patients aged ≥45 years with PVD between 1998 and 2011. An age-matched control group of 70,363 individuals without PVD was also established.

Antidepressant resistance and risks of prior atopic and autoimmune diseases among adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents significantly impacts cognitive, social, academic, and physical health. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses additional challenges, increasing the risk of long-term impairment, hospitalizations, and comorbidities. This study explores the association between prior atopic and autoimmune diseases and the risk of antidepressant-responsive depression (ARPD) and antidepressant-resistant depression (ARTD) in adolescents and young adults.

Effect of loneliness on appetite hormone dysregulation and cognitive dysfunction among adolescents with ADHD.

Background: The prevalence of loneliness is high among adolescents with ADHD. ADHD is associated with deficits in cognitive function and appetite hormone dysregulation. However, the complex association between ADHD, loneliness, cognitive function and appetite hormones remains unknown.

Dose-dependent association between proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of migraine: a nationwide matched case-control study.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed, but their link to migraine risk, especially in Asian populations, remains unclear. This longitudinal study aimed to answer the following question: Does PPI exposure show a dose-dependent risk of migraine, varying by subtype and PPI indication in an Asian population?

Method: Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (2000-15), we conducted a matched case-control study on PPI exposure. Adults prescribed PPIs for peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or upper gastrointestinal bleeding were included, excluding those with prior migraines or incomplete data.

The association of sex and age of treatment-resistant tendency to antidepressants: A cohort study of 325,615 patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Treatment resistance to antidepressants can impose a significant burden on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and psychiatric and physical comorbidities on the tendency toward treatment resistance to antidepressants (TRT).

Methods: We utilized data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Gene clusters linked to insulin resistance identified in a genome-wide study of the Taiwan Biobank population.

This pioneering genome-wide association study examined surrogate markers for insulin resistance (IR) in 147,880 Taiwanese individuals using data from the Taiwan Biobank. The study focused on two IR surrogate markers: the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG:HDL-C) ratio and the TyG index (the product of fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides). We identified genome-wide significance loci within four gene clusters: GCKR, MLXIPL, APOA5, and APOC1, uncovering 197 genes associated with IR.

Distinct effects of psychiatric disorder diagnoses and severe emotional dysregulation on matrix metalloproteinase-9, proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibitory control function in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or first-episode major affective disorders.

Background: Severe emotional dysregulation (SED) may represent an endophenotype of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major affective disorders. However, the specific effects of SED and related psychiatric disorders, including ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), proinflammatory cytokine levels, and inhibitory control function remain unclear.

Methods: This study included 48 adolescents with ADHD, 39 with first-episode BD, 53 with first-episode MDD, and 46 healthy adolescents.