Self-Efficacy as a Mechanism of Behavior Change in Addiction Science and Practice.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines and traces the construct from theory and operationalization to clinical practice and intervention design in addiction science.

Recent Findings: Self-efficacy is a construct with a strong theoretical and methodological foundation. While evidence for self-efficacy as a statistical mediator in the context of clinical trials of addictions treatments is mixed, it is most conclusive in within-condition, non-experimental designs.

Translating medication effects for alcohol use disorder across preclinical, human laboratory, and clinical trial outcomes using meta-analysis.

Animal models are used for preliminary testing of novel compounds for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, it is unclear whether early efficacy in preclinical models reliably predicts efficacy in human laboratory and clinical trials. We searched the literature for medications tested for AUD in preclinical models (i.

Cognitive-behavioral interventions for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.

The current meta-analysis provides an overview of cognitive-behaviorally-based interventions (CBI) that treat co-occurring alcohol and other drug use (AOD) and one or more mental health disorders. A literature search was conducted through October of 2024. All published outcome data were extracted and categorized into one of thirteen different outcome types (e.

A Descriptive Review and Meta-Regression Study of Demographic and Study Context Factors in US Clinical Trials of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol or Other Drug Use.

Cognitive-Behaviorally Based Interventions (CBIs) are evidence-based treatments for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use with potential variable effectiveness by population sub-groups. This study used evidence synthesis to examine treatment effect by demographic and study context factors in clinical trials of CBI for AOD. Studies were systematically identified, and their characteristics and outcome data were extracted and summarized.

Mechanisms of Behavior Change in Adolescent Substance Use Treatment: A Systematic Review of Treatment Mediators and Recommendations for Advancing Future Research.

Substance use disorders commonly onset during adolescence, yet the best available treatments yield only modest and transient effects. Elucidating treatment mediators is essential for improving treatment options. This review summarizes over 20 years of research on mediators of adolescent substance use treatment; = 17 studies assessing both treatment or treatment ingredient to mediator ( path) and mediator to treatment outcome ( path) paths were included.

Defining the therapeutic relationship in the context of alcohol use, other drug use, and behavior change: Principles and practices.

Overview: This article contributes to knowledge and practice of core processes that are shared by evidence-based alcohol or other drug (AOD) therapies. It is the fourth in a series with this aim, and here we discuss perhaps the most universally acknowledged ingredient of effective therapy - the therapeutic relationship. We consider various related terms and definitions in the literature, but in the present review, we offer a definition that underscores the context of behavior change.

Leveraging meta-regression to test if medication effects on cue-induced craving are associated with clinical efficacy.

Rationale: The alcohol cue exposure paradigm is a common method for evaluating new treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, it is unclear if medication-related reductions in cue-induced craving in the human laboratory can predict the clinical success of those medications in reducing alcohol consumption during clinical trials.

Objectives: To use a novel meta-analytic approach to test whether medication effect sizes on cue-induced alcohol craving are associated with clinical efficacy in clinical trials.

Method: We searched the literature for medications tested for AUD treatment using both the alcohol cue-reactivity paradigm and randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Do hypothetical evaluations of alcohol related consequences change over time? Examining the influence of past and ongoing consequences.

Objective: Despite experiencing alcohol-related consequences, college students continue to drink at high rates. Hypothetical evaluations of alcohol-related consequences (i.e.

Young adults' change talk within brief motivational intervention in the emergency department and booster sessions is associated with a decrease in heavy drinking over 1 year.

Objective: Investigate the effect of change talk (CT) within successive brief motivational interventions (BMIs) as a mechanism of change for alcohol use.

Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in which 344 young adults (18-35 years old) admitted to a Swiss emergency department with alcohol intoxication received either BMI ( = 171) or brief advice ( = 173). Participants with a baseline audio-recorded BMI were included ( = 140; median age 23 [1-3: 20-27], 72.

Does self-affirmation augment the effects of a mandated personalized feedback intervention? A randomized controlled trial with heavy drinking college students.

Objective: Theory and evidence indicate that affirming the value of the self before exposure to a threatening message fosters more open-minded appraisal of message content. We predicted that college students mandated to a computer-delivered personalized feedback intervention (PFI) and who engaged in a self-affirmation (SA) exercise would demonstrate reduce drinking and consequences relative to those who received an attention control.

Method: Participants were 484 undergraduates (age 18-24, 56% male, 78% White) mandated to participate in an alcohol intervention following a first-time alcohol policy violation.

Technical and relational process in MI sessions with a sample of Hispanic/Latinx adults who engage in heavy drinking: A latent growth mediation model.

The current study tests the Motivational Interviewing (MI) technical and relational hypotheses in a sample of Hispanic/Latinx adults ( = 276) who engage in heavy alcohol consumption. MI causal theory hypothesizes that therapist use of MI consistent skills (i.e.

Practice Makes Perfect: MSW Students Reflect on Skill-Based Teaching Methods in Clinical Social Work Education.

In the current focus-group study, we consider student experiences with and perceptions of teaching methods that involve practice observation, demonstration, and performance assessment and feedback (i.e., ).

Outcomes of a Brief Motivational Intervention for Heavy Alcohol Use in Racial or Ethnic Minority Compared to White Emerging Adults.

Purpose: This study used secondary data from a randomized controlled trial of a Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) to examine whether Non-White participants had different treatment results compared to White participants.

Methods: The outcome variables of this study were divided into primary outcomes (heavy drinking and consequences associated with alcohol use) and secondary outcomes (cognitive variables such as motivation to change alcohol use, and behavioral variables, including protective behavioral strategies). Linear regression analyses were conducted with the PROCESS macro for SPSS, to test if race or ethnicity moderated the relationship between BMI and each treatment outcome.

Who benefits from brief motivational intervention among young adults presenting to the emergency department with alcohol intoxication: A latent-class moderation analysis.

Background: Research has not identified which patients optimally benefit from brief Motivational Interviewing (bMI) for heavy drinking when delivered to young adults in the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial in which 344 young adults (18-35 years) presenting to the ED with alcohol intoxication received either bMI or Brief Advice (BA, control group). We used Latent Class Analysis to derive participants' profiles from baseline characteristics (i.

Are medication effects on subjective response to alcohol and cue-induced craving associated? A meta regression study.

Rationale: Alcohol administration and cue-reactivity paradigms are frequently used to screen for the initial efficacy of medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD). While medication effects on the primary outcomes for these paradigms are assumed to be qualitatively related, there is a critical lack of quantitative evidence to support this hypothesis.

Objectives: The study aims to test the relationship between medication effect sizes on subjective response to alcohol administration and medication effect sizes for cue-induced craving to cue exposure, using meta-analysis.

Mifepristone as a pharmacological intervention for stress-induced alcohol craving: A human laboratory study.

Preclinical and clinical work suggests that mifepristone may be a viable treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). This was a Phase 1/2, outpatient, cross-over, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD (N = 32). We assessed safety, alcohol craving and consumption, after 1-week mifepristone 600 mg/day administration, in a human laboratory study comprised of a single oral yohimbine administration (32.

Addictions treatment mechanisms of change science and implementation science: A critical review.

This manuscript aims to contribute to the next phase of mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC) science on alcohol or other drug use. Specifically, we encourage the transition from a basic science orientation (i.e.

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders: Is a One-Size-Fits-All Approach Appropriate?

Purpose: We provide an overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) efficacy for adult alcohol or other drug use disorders (AOD) and consider some key variations in application as well as contextual (ie, moderators) or mechanistic (ie, mediators) factors related to intervention outcomes.

Methods: This work is a narrative overview of the review literature on CBT for AOD.

Results: Robust evidence suggests the efficacy of classical/traditional CBT compared to minimal and usual care control conditions.

Mifepristone as a pharmacological intervention for stress-Induced alcohol craving: a translational crossover randomized trial.

Unlabelled: Preclinical and clinical work suggests that mifepristone (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist), may be a viable treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of this work was to translate our preclinical mifepristone study using yohimbine (α2 receptor antagonist) stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking to a clinical setting. This was a Phase 1/2, outpatient, cross-over, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD ( =32).

Change talk subtypes as predictors of alcohol use following brief motivational intervention.

Objective: To examine the relative importance of client change language subtypes as predictors of alcohol use following motivational interviewing (MI).

Method: Participants were 164 heavy drinkers (57.3% female, = 28.

The role of the relational context and therapists' technical behaviors in brief motivational interviewing sessions for heavy alcohol consumption: Findings from a sample of Latinx adults.

Introduction: Motivational interviewing (MI) theory and process research highlights the role of therapist technical and relational behaviors in predicting client in-session statements for or against behavior change (i.e., change and sustain talk, respectively).