Exploring the Potentials of Artificial Intelligence in Sepsis Management in the Intensive Care Unit.

Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Traditional diagnostic approaches, such as the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, often detect sepsis after significant organ dysfunction has occurred, limiting the potential for early intervention. In this study, we reviewed how artificial intelligence (AI)-driven methodologies, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), can aid physicians.

Advanced neuromonitoring techniques for medical and neurological ICU patients.

Newly developed neurological complications are not confined to patients admitted to the neurology ICU but also occur in the medical ICU. In addition to patients with traumatic brain injuries, critically ill patients with sepsis, encephalopathy, and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation are at risk of developing neurological complications. The situation can worsen when patients are sedated and intubated, which prevents the clinical manifestations to be presented.

Harmful algal bloom species releases thiamin antivitamins to suppress competitors.

In environmental ecosystems, vitamin concentrations are often exceedingly low, and auxotrophy, or reliance on exogenous vitamins or vitamin precursors, is widespread. We show here that the widespread harmful algal bloom (HAB) species threatening freshwater aquatic ecosystems globally, releases a complex mixture of thiamin antivitamins, including bacimethrin and methoxythiamin, which induce thiamin deficiency in the model green alga . Putative biosynthetic genes for bacimethrin were upregulated in when grown in co-culture, resulting in a greater production of bacimethrin.

Who Are More Competent in Food Safety: Veterinary Medicine or Food Hygiene Students?

In response to the decreasing number of veterinary medicine graduates interested in working in the food sector and public health, the competency of students from a food safety-related university major-named "Food Hygiene" (FH) for taking the responsibilities of a veterinarian in the field of hygienic food production-was assessed in the present study. In this regard, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran to evaluate the food safety knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) among the students from FH ( = 73), veterinary medicine (vet, = 28), and other majors ( = 40). Results showed that FH and vet respondents demonstrated comparable food safety knowledge (∼58%), attitude (68.

Assessment on surface integrity in electrochemical grinding of AISI 304.

Electrochemical grinding (ECG) offers advantages such as burr-free and stress-free material removal. Despite its proven potential, limited research has addressed the comprehensive effects of key process parameters on the surface integrity of AISI 304 stainless steel, particularly for applications requiring high-quality finishes, such as medical components. This study bridges this gap by systematically investigating the influence of ECG key parameters including voltage, rotational speed, and electrolyte concentration on main surface integrity parameters including current density, surface roughness, microhardness, and surface texture.

Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Glioma: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms.

Despite the waning of traditional treatments for glioma due to possible long-term issues, the healing possibilities of substances derived from nature have been reignited in the scientific community. These natural substances, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, are considered potential alternatives to pharmaceuticals, as they have been shown in prior research to impact pathways surrounding cancer progression, metastases, invasion, and resistance. This review will explore the supposed molecular mechanisms of different natural components, such as berberine, curcumin, coffee, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, quercetin, tanshinone, silymarin, coumarin, and lycopene, concerning glioma treatment.

Diagnostic value of total serum/free prostate specific antigen and prostate cancer antigen-3 levels in prostate cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare serum total and free prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and serum prostate cancer antigen-3 (PCA3) levels in patients with prostate cancer in 2018 and 2019.

Methods: This research was a prospective case-control study. The case group included all patients with suspected prostate cancer, and the control group included individuals without prostate disease who were referred to Ali Asghar and Nour Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, from October 2018 to October 2020.

Pericardial effusion among children: Retrospective analysis of the etiology and short-term outcome in a referral center in the south of Iran.

Background And Aims: We reinvestigated the causes, symptoms, and management of childhood pericardial effusion (PE) and its gradual changes during recent years in a referral pediatric cardiology center in the south of Iran.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the profile of PE patients who were under 18 years old from 2015 to 2020. The patient's demographic, clinical, and paraclinical information was extracted and analyzed using SPSS software.

Reducing the risk of death induced by aluminum phosphide poisoning: The new therapies.

Numerous people suffer from accidental or deliberate exposure to different pesticides when poisoning with aluminum phosphate (AlP) is increasing in the eastern countries. Aluminum phosphate is a conventional insecticide that quickly reacts with water or the moistures in the atmosphere and produces fatal phosphine gas, which absorbs quickly by the body. Oral consumption or inhalation of AlP leads to excessive reaction of the body such as fatigue, vomiting, fever, palpitation, vasodilatory shock, increasing blood pressure, cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, shortness of breath, and death.

Overexpression of native ORANGE (OR) and OR mutant protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhances carotenoid and ABA accumulation and increases resistance to abiotic stress.

The carotenoid content of plants can be increased by overexpression of the regulatory protein ORANGE (OR) or a mutant variant known as the 'golden SNP'. In the present study, a strong light-inducible promoter was used to overexpress either wild type CrOR (CrOR) or a mutated CrOR (CrOR) containing a single histidine substitution for a conserved arginine in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Overexpression of CrOR and CrOR roughly doubled and tripled, respectively, the accumulation of several different carotenoids, including β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin in C.

Serum levels of total and urine level of PCA3 in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

Background: Urine test with the PSA result will provide a good prognosis of the prostate cancer. Therefore, considering the importance of PCA3 in this study, we aimed to compare the serum total and urinary PCA3 levels in patients with benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients referring to Noor and Hazrat-e-Ali Asghar Hospital in Isfahan from October 2017 to October 2018 for prostate biopsy.

An array microhabitat device with dual gradients revealed synergistic roles of nitrogen and phosphorous in the growth of microalgae.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an emerging environmental problem contaminating water resources and disrupting the balance of the ecosystems. HABs are caused by the sudden growth of photosynthetic algal cells in both fresh and marine water, and have been expanding in extent and appearing more frequently due to the climate change and population growth. Despite the urgency of the problem, the exact environmental conditions that trigger HABs are unknown.

Correction to: A downstream box fusion allows stable accumulation of a bacterial cellulase in chloroplasts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1127-7.].

Interleukin-17 production by CD4+CD45RO+Foxp3+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis.

Introduction: T regulatory cells (Tregs) are known as immunoregulatory cells that are reduced in atherosclerosis. Tregs are a part of crosstalk between the immune system and lipoprotein metabolism, both of which are involved in atherosclerotic processes. Depletion of Tregs leads to impaired clearance of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and intracellular cholesterol homeostasis affects Treg cell development.

Can the kidney volume help to differentiate the types of rejection before biopsy?

Background: The aim of this study was to use the volume of the graft as an adjunct tool for better decision making.

Methods: Kidney transplanted patients with acute azotemia and documented volume and finally a biopsy were enrolled in this study‌. Graft volumes between rejected patients (antibody-mediated rejection {AMR} and cell - mediated rejection {CMR}) and ‌non rejected but azotemic patients were compared.

A downstream box fusion allows stable accumulation of a bacterial cellulase in chloroplasts.

Background: We investigated strategies to improve foreign protein accumulation in the chloroplasts of the model algae and tested the outcome in both standard culture conditions as well as one pertinent to algal biofuel production. The downstream box (DB) of the or genes, the first 15 codons following the start codon, was -terminally fused to the coding region of , an endoglucanase from . We also employed a chimeric regulatory element, consisting of the rRNA promoter and the 5'UTR, previously reported to enhance protein expression, to regulate the expression of the TetC- gene.

Ectopic expression of ORANGE promotes carotenoid accumulation and fruit development in tomato.

Carotenoids are critically important to plants and humans. The ORANGE (OR) gene is a key regulator for carotenoid accumulation, but its physiological roles in crops remain elusive. In this study, we generated transgenic tomato ectopically overexpressing the Arabidopsis wild-type OR (AtOR ) and a 'golden SNP'-containing OR (AtOR ).

Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants: The Role of Plastids.

Carotenoids are indispensable to plants and critical in human diets. Plastids are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage in plant cells. They exist in various types, which include proplastids, etioplasts, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts.

Artificial Ureter in Patients with Extensive Ureteral Damage.

Purpose: loss of significant lengths of ureter when substitution with bowel or bladder fails is a disaster in urology. This study is conducted to evaluate the results of subcutaneous nephron-vesical bypass (SNVB) in ureteral damage of different etiologies.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen SNVB were employed in patients with ureteral injuries.

Efficacy of Varicocele Repair in Different Age Groups.

Objective: To compare semen parameters and spouse pregnancy rates after varicocele repair in 2 age groups.

Materials And Methods: Mean changes in spermatozoa concentration, motility, and morphology after varicocele repair in 83 patients were compared between patients aged 30 years or younger (group 1) and those older than 30 years (group 2). Spouse pregnancy rates were compared between the 2 age groups.

Association between neutrophil geletinase-associated lipocalin and iron deficiency anemia in children on chronic dialysis.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and associated with higher risk of death. Neutrophil geletinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a small 25 kDa glycoprotein, a member of lipocalin superfamily that released at the response of cellular stress from different cells. In addition, NGAL was studied as an iron regulatory glycoprotein and regulator of iron related gene.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy success rate and complications in patients with previous open stone surgery.

Purpose: To determine the effect of previous single or multiple open stone surgeries on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) results and complications.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed medical records of 1422 patients who had been undergone PCNL in our institute between 1998 and 2011 by the same surgeon. Patients were divided into 3 groups.

Salvage of the thiamin pyrimidine moiety by plant TenA proteins lacking an active-site cysteine.

The TenA protein family occurs in prokaryotes, plants and fungi; it has two subfamilies, one (TenA_C) having an active-site cysteine, the other (TenA_E) not. TenA_C proteins participate in thiamin salvage by hydrolysing the thiamin breakdown product amino-HMP (4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine) to HMP (4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine); the function of TenA_E proteins is unknown. Comparative analysis of prokaryote and plant genomes predicted that (i) TenA_E has a salvage role similar to, but not identical with, that of TenA_C and (ii) that TenA_E and TenA_C also have non-salvage roles since they occur in organisms that cannot make thiamin.

Effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption after artificial socket preservation.

Background: Low- level laser therapy has been used to stimulate the orthodontic tooth movements (OTM) previously. Furthermore, in the orthodontic treatments accompanying tooth extractions, the adjacent teeth move towards the extraction sites and close the space in some cases. Then, the adjacent tooth movements must be prevented in the treatments requiring space.