Comparison of Esophageal Dysmotility Diagnostic Studies in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors With Dysphagia.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the relationship of esophageal dysmotility on modified barium swallow (MBS) and esophagram studies with high-resolution manometry (HRM), the gold standard of esophageal dysmotility diagnosis, in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors with dysphagia.

Study Design: Retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting: Specialty dysphagia clinic at a tertiary care center.

Comparative Cadaveric Study and Anatomic Limitations of the Nasofrontal Trephination: A Novel Endoscopic Corridor for Enhanced Exposure of The Odontoid and Occipital Condyle Regions.

Background And Objectives: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) serves as the primary minimally invasive route to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ). However, anatomic constraints limit its caudal reach. Multiport endoscopic approaches may complement a standard EEA providing additional reach.

Patient Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Nonendemic Regions.

Importance: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents unique challenges in nonendemic regions, with varying patient characteristics and outcomes compared with endemic populations.

Objective: To fill gaps in the current understanding of NPC by focusing on a US population, comparing patient characteristics and treatment outcomes with endemic populations, and identifying key factors to inform management and follow-up protocols in Western health care settings.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with NPC treated at a single large US tertiary academic medical center from 2000 to 2023.

Dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients with evidence of esophageal dysmotility on manometry.

Objectives: Dysphagia is a well-known complication of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment that significantly impacts daily life for survivors. This study aims to characterize esophageal dysmotility identified on high resolution manometry (HRM) in HNC survivors with dysphagia.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 30 patients who underwent HRM treated for dysphagia between August 1st 2020 to February 2nd, 2023, was conducted.

Use of intraoperative ultrasound in differentiating adamantinomatous versus papillary craniopharyngiomas and guiding resection through the endoscopic endonasal route.

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are surgically challenging tumors. The prevalence of BRAF mutation in papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) and the positive response with BRAF-MEK inhibitors have shifted the treatment paradigm towards targeted therapy. However, maximal safe resection remains the goal, particularly for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP).

Intra-Infundibular Epidermoid Cysts: A Distinct and Rare Entity.

Background: Epidermoid cysts located completely within the pituitary infundibulum are a rare entity with only 7 reported cases. In this study, we have described our experience with the resection of intra-infundibular epidermoid cysts (IECs) and reviewed the existing literature highlighting its distinguishing features and operative nuances.

Methods: Three consecutive cases of IEC operated at our institute were retrospectively studied.

Defining the caudal limits of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction: anatomic study correlating radiographic measures.

Objective: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), has become the preferred alternative to traditional open and transoral approaches to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region. However, preoperative prediction of the limitations of caudal reach remains challenging. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the CVJ area of exposure and access afforded by the EEA, evaluate the accuracy of previously described radiographic anthropometric lines, and identify the lowest limit of the EEA corridor.

Impact of Tobacco, Marijuana, and Alcohol Use on Overall Survival in Recurrent Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Aim: The response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remain low (13%-20%) in metastatic head and neck cancer patients, indicating an urgent need to better understand factors predictive of response to these agents. This study explored the impact of smoking status, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption on treatment outcomes in recurrent-metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with ICI.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 201 R/M HNSCC patients treated with ICI between January 15th 2016 and April 9th 2020 at a single institution.

Meningioma En Plaque Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Case Presentation.

Background: Meningiomas are the most frequently diagnosed benign intracranial tumors. However, meningioma en plaque (MEP) is a rare subset accounting for 2.5% of all meningiomas and is characterized by flat, carpetlike proliferation along the dura, typically arising in the spheno-orbital region, and, therefore, causes proptosis, decreased visual acuity, and orbital pain.

The Nasopharyngo-Septal Butterfly Flap: A Novel Adjunct for Reconstructing Large Skull Base Defects.

Objective: Skull base defects can be challenging to reconstruct. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) remains the first-line option for reconstruction. However, it can be inadequate to cover wide defects or compromised by tumor invasion or prior surgery requiring additional reconstructive options.

Modified salpingopharyngeus myomucosal flap: a novel technique for skull base reconstruction.

Purpose: Advancements in endoscopic skull base surgery have enabled complex tumor resections, necessitating a variety of reliable reconstructive techniques to repair resultant defects. Vascularized flaps represent optimal options, but frequently used local pedicled intranasal flaps may be unavailable due to tumor invasion or prior surgery. This study applies a modification to the previously described salpingopharyngeus myomucosal flap (Dicle flap) with potential for its use in extensive endoscopic skull base surgery defect's repair.

Growth dynamics of Rathke's Cleft cyst: a risk score system for surgical decision making.

Objective: Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) exhibit variable growth patterns, thus posing a challenge in predicting progression. While some RCCs may not cause symptoms, others can insidiously cause pituitary dysfunction, which is often irreversible, even following surgery. Hence, it is crucial to identify asymptomatic RCCs that grow rapidly and pose a higher risk of causing endocrinologic dysfunction.

"Intrasellar tumor-to-tumor metastasis: A single center experience with a systematic review".

Purpose: This study investigates the rare occurrence of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs), also known as pituitary adenomas, aiming to enhance understanding of its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report two cases from our institution of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving PitNETs, followed by a systematic literature review.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

DIAPH1-Deficiency is Associated with Major T, NK and ILC Defects in Humans.

Loss of function mutations in Diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) are associated with seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS) and are recently linked to combined immunodeficiency. However, the extent of defects in T and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) remain unexplored. Herein, we characterized the primary T, natural killer (NK) and helper ILCs of six patients carrying two novel loss of function mutation in DIAPH1 and Jurkat cells after DIAPH1 knockdown.

Advantages and caveats of endoscopic to the infratemporal fossa as isolated and combined techniques.

Objective: Identify the benefits and caveats of combining minimal access approaches to the infratemporal fossa (ITF), such as the endoscopic transnasal, endoscopic transorbital, endoscopic transoral, and endoscopic sublabial transmaxillary approaches to address extensive lesions not amenable to a single approach. The study provides anatomical metrics including area of exposure and degree of surgical freedom.

Methods: Five human cadaveric specimens (10 sides) were dissected to expose and methodically analyze the anatomical intricacies of the ITF using the following minimal access approaches: endoscopic transnasal transpterygoid (EETA), endoscopic sublabial transmaxillary, endoscopic transorbital via infraorbital foramen, and endoscopic transoral techniques.

Effectiveness of Nasolacrimal SCC Treatments and Promising Role of Chemo-Induction: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

Objective: To comprehensively analyze reported cases of nasolacrimal squamous cell carcinoma (NLSCC), focusing on risk factors, treatment modalities, and outcomes. Additionally, investigate the impact of human Papillomavirus (HPV) status and histopathological subtypes' impact on prognosis.

Data Sources: Pubmed, Embase.

Endoscopic precaruncular medial transorbital and endonasal multiport approaches to the contralateral skull base: a clinicoanatomical study.

Objective: Minimally invasive endoscopic endonasal multiport approaches create additional visualization angles to treat skull base pathologies. The sublabial contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) approach and superior eyelid lateral transorbital approach, frequently used nowadays, have been referred to as the "third port" when used alongside the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). The endoscopic precaruncular contralateral medial transorbital (cMTO) corridor, on the other hand, is an underrecognized but unique port that has been used to repair CSF rhinorrhea originating from the lateral sphenoid sinus recess.

Morphometric Comparison of Endoscopic Endonasal Transpterygoid and Precaruncular Contralateral Medial Transorbital Approaches to Sphenoid Sinus Lateral Recess.

Background And Objectives: The endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach (TPA), minimally invasive compared with the sublabial transmaxillary and transcranial approaches, still accounts for morbidity in benign lateral recess of sphenoid sinus (LRSS) pathologies. Others have suggested an alternative route to the LRSS, the endoscopic contralateral medial transorbital approach (cMTO). However, no quantitative evidence exists to support the clinical application of this approach.

Endoscopic endonasal marsupialization of rathke cleft cysts: clinical outcomes and risk factors analysis of visual impairment, pituitary dysfunction, and CSF leak.

Objective: This paper assesses the clinical and imaging characteristics, histopathological findings, and treatment outcomes of patients with Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC), as well as identifies potential risk factors for preoperative visual and pituitary dysfunction, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and recurrence. Through analyzing these factors, the study aims to contribute to the current understanding of the management of RCCs and identify opportunities for improving patient outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 45 RCC patients between ages 18-80 treated by Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) and cyst marsupialization between 2010 and 2022 at a single institution.

RANK-L inhibitor as a promising agent for refractory extensive craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: A case report.

Background: McCune-Albright syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), café-au-lait skin pigmentation, and endocrine dysfunction. Extensive FD in the craniofacial region can present significant challenges in terms of disease control and carries a high risk of permanent visual impairment.

Methods: We present a case of medically and surgically resistant FD that required nine optic nerve decompressions.