Correction: Girard et al. Comparative Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy versus Conventional Comparator Treatments in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis. 2024, , 2492.

Winifred W. Yu was not included as an author in the original publication [..

Cost-Effectiveness of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab versus Chemotherapy for Previously Untreated Metastatic NSCLC Using Mixture-Cure Survival Analysis Based on CheckMate 227 5-Year Data.

Objectives: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) versus platinum-doublet chemotherapy (chemo) in untreated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using mixture-cure modelling, an approach used to analyse immuno-oncology treatments due to their underlying methods depicting delayed but durable response in some patients.

Methods: A mixture-cure economic model was developed from a US third-party payer perspective to assess the lifetime costs and benefits of NIVO+IPI versus chemo using data from Part 1 of the phase III CheckMate 227 trial with 5 years of follow-up. The model consisted of four health states: progression-free without long-term response (non-LTR), progression-free with long-term response (LTR), post-progression, and death.

Treatment-Switching Adjustment of Overall Survival in CheckMate 227 Part 1 Evaluating First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Chemotherapy for Metastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

Objectives: CheckMate 227 (NCT02477826) evaluated first-line nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 1% or < 1% and no EGFR/ALK alterations. However, many patients randomized to chemotherapy received subsequent immunotherapy. Here, overall survival (OS) and relative OS benefit of nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab were adjusted for potential bias introduced by treatment switching.

Comparative Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy versus Conventional Comparator Treatments in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: This study aimed to estimate the relative efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy (neoNIVO + CT) compared to relevant treatments amongst resectable non-metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (rNSCLC) patients.

Methods: Treatment comparisons were based on a network meta-analysis (NMA) using randomized clinical trial data identified via systematic literature review (SLR). The outcomes of interest were event-free survival (EFS) and pathological complete response (pCR).

Modelling Health State Utilities as a Transformation of Time to Death in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: When utilities are analyzed by time to death (TTD), this has historically been implemented by 'grouping' observations as discrete time periods to create health state utilities. We extended the approach to use continuous functions, avoiding assumptions around groupings. The resulting models were used to test the concept with data from different regions and different country tariffs.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus platinum-doublet chemotherapy for first-line treatment of stage IV or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer in the United States.

Aim: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab (NIVO + IPI) versus platinum-doublet chemotherapy (PDC) for the first-line treatment of stage IV or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from a third-party payer perspective in the United States (US).

Methods: A partitioned survival model was developed using efficacy, safety, and utility inputs derived from Part 1 of the phase 3 CheckMate 227 trial (NCT02477826) with 37.7-month minimum follow-up for overall survival (OS).

Cost-effectiveness analysis of nivolumab plus ipilimumab plus two cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy versus platinum-doublet chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of stage IV or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer in the United States.

Aim: This economic analysis evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) plus two cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy (PDC) compared with four cycles of PDC as first-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC in the United States (US).

Methods: A partitioned survival model was constructed with three mutually exclusive health states: progression free, progressed disease, and death. The analysis was conducted from a US healthcare payer perspective, using a time horizon of 25 years.

Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in patients with NSCLC in the United States.

Objectives: To determine the lifetime cost-effectiveness of nivolumab vs docetaxel in advanced squamous and nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following platinum-based chemotherapy from a US payer perspective.

Study Design: Trial- and cohort-based cost-effectiveness analyses.

Methods: The analyses used partitioned survival models with 3 mutually exclusive health states: progression free, progressed disease, and death.

Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab in squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in Canada and Sweden: an update with 5-year data.

Aims: Nivolumab has been approved for advanced squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following platinum-based chemotherapy in both Canada and Sweden. We aimed to determine the value-for-money of nivolumab versus docetaxel in a Canadian and Swedish setting based on 5-year data.

Methods: These cost effectiveness analyses used partitioned survival models with three mutually exclusive health states: progression-free, progressed disease, and death.

Cost-Effectiveness of Golimumab in Ankylosing Spondylitis from the UK Payer Perspective.

Introduction: Golimumab is a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor for treatment of patients with severe, active ankylosing spondylitis. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of golimumab compared with conventional care and other TNF-α inhibitors in treatment of AS from the UK National Health Service perspective.

Methods: A long-term Markov model (with initial decision tree) was developed to simulate the progression of a hypothetical cohort of patients with active AS over a lifetime.

Cost-Effectiveness of Infliximab for the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Ulcerative Colitis in the Netherlands.

Introduction: Infliximab is registered for the treatment of moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) adult patients who have had an inadequate response, or are intolerant, or have medical contraindications to therapy including corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates or thiopurines (6-mercaptopurine [6-MP] or azathioprine [AZA]). The authors estimate the costs and effects and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of infliximab at the licensed dose of 5 mg/kg versus cyclosporine or surgery for the treatment of adult Dutch patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of UC, refractory to intravenous steroids.

Method: An existing decision analytical model was updated to simulate disease progression of hospitalized UC patients in the Netherlands, refractory to intravenous corticosteroids, and to estimate the costs and benefits associated with infliximab compared to cyclosporine and surgery over a 1-year time horizon.

Cost-effectiveness of raltegravir in HIV/AIDS.

Raltegravir is a first-in-class HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with established antiviral efficacy in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. In this article, we summarize pharmacoeconomic evaluations of raltegravir-based treatment regimens, compared with alternative therapies, in the treatment of patients with HIV infection and/or AIDS. Cost-effectiveness evaluations of raltegravir in treatment-experienced patients conducted using a continuous-time, state-transition Markov cohort model suggest that raltegravir, combined with optimized background therapy, falls within the range that would generally be considered cost effective compared with optimized therapy alone in Spanish, Swiss and UK health systems.

Randomized controlled trial of trained patient-nominated treatment supporters providing partial directly observed antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Directly observed therapy (DOT) for antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve adherence, but there are limited data on its clinical effectiveness.

Methods: Adult patients initiating ART in a public clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, were randomized to treatment-supporter DOT-ART or self-administered ART. DOT-ART patients and supporters received baseline and follow-up training and monitoring.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of raltegravir in treatment-experienced HIV type 1-infected patients in Spain.

Raltegravir, a novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, has superior efficacy with optimized background treatment (OBT) vs. placebo + OBT in treatment-experienced HIV-1 patients. This study assessed the long-term cost effectiveness of raltegravir from a Spanish National Healthcare System perspective.

Moxifloxacin versus ethambutol in the initial treatment of tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomised, controlled phase II trial.

Background: New treatments are needed to shorten the time required to cure tuberculosis and to treat drug-resistant strains. The fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin is a promising new agent that might have additive activity to existing antituberculosis agents. We assessed the activity and safety of moxifloxacin in the initial stage of tuberculosis treatment.

Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials.

Background: UNICEF/WHO recommends that infants born to HIV-infected mothers who do not have access to acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, and safe replacement feeding should be exclusively breastfed for at least 6 months. The aim of three trials in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda was to assess whether daily nevirapine given to breastfed infants through 6 weeks of age can decrease HIV transmission via breastfeeding.

Methods: HIV-infected women breastfeeding their infants were eligible for participation.

A cluster-randomized trial of provider-initiated (opt-out) HIV counseling and testing of tuberculosis patients in South Africa.

Objective: To determine whether implementation of provider-initiated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling would increase the proportion of tuberculosis (TB) patients who received HIV counseling and testing.

Design: Cluster-randomized trial with clinic as the unit of randomization.

Setting: Twenty, medium-sized primary care TB clinics in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial.

Background: Ecological and observational studies suggest that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men. Our aim was to investigate the effect of male circumcision on HIV incidence in men.

Methods: 4996 uncircumcised, HIV-negative men aged 15-49 years who agreed to HIV testing and counselling were enrolled in this randomised trial in rural Rakai district, Uganda.

Prevalence and fate of severe pulmonary hypertension in 559 consecutive patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis undergoing mitral balloon valvotomy.

Background And Aim Of The Study: The prevalence of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with severe mitral stenosis (MS) remains unknown, and the long-term effect of mitral balloon valvotomy (MBV) in large numbers of these patients is not well characterized.

Methods: Details from the prospective MBV database at the authors' institution relating to 559 consecutive patients who had successful MBV were analyzed. Patients were allocated to three groups on the basis of their pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) at cardiac catheterization immediately before MBV: group A (n = 345) had PASP <50 mmHg; group B (n = 183) had PASP 50-79 mmHg; and group C (n = 31) had PASP > or =80 mmHg.

Regression of significant tricuspid regurgitation after mitral balloon valvotomy for severe mitral stenosis.

Background: Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is occasionally associated with severe mitral stenosis and has an adverse impact on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. However, the effect of successful mitral balloon valvotomy (MBV) on significant TR is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate TR after MBV in patients with severe mitral stenosis.

Decreased axillary lymph node retrieval in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess our clinical impression that fewer lymph nodes are retrieved after level I and II axillary dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and whether there is a positive correlation between the total number of lymph nodes retrieved and the number of diseased lymph nodes.

Methods: Patients included those with stage IIB, IIIA, and IIIB breast cancer of whom 77 had neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 58 had initial surgery only. All had modified radical mastectomy with in continuity level I and II axillary dissection.

Arterial complications following cardiac catheterization in children less than 10 kg.

We sought to determine if a higher dose of heparin would reduce arterial complications in patients weighing 10 kg or less undergoing cardiac catheterization to investigate congenital heart disease. Sixty patients were given either 100 (group A) or 150 (group B) IU x kg(-1) of heparin in a double-blinded randomized manner. Initial arterial access was established using a 4F cannula in all patients.

Frequency and predictive factors of malignancy in residual thyroid tissue and cervical lymph nodes after partial thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: The extent of surgery in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been a controversial issue. Total thyroidectomy potentially carries a higher operative risk, whereas partial thyroidectomy has the risk of leaving significant residual malignancy. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and potential predictive factors of malignancy in the residual thyroid tissue and the cervical lymph nodes (CLN) in patients with DTC who had partial thyroid surgery and subsequently underwent completion thyroidectomy and/or modified neck dissection.

A SAS macro for the analysis of cell survival curves.

This paper describes a SAS macro for the statistical analyses of cell survival data obtained after radiation treatment using the methods of R.E. Tarone et al.