Pulmonary fibrosis in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis evaluated by transbronchial lung cryobiopsy: A single-center retrospective study.

Background: Approximately 20% of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) present with pulmonary fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Although transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has recently been used to diagnose fibrotic interstitial lung disease, no studies have investigated whether TBLC is useful for the histopathological detection of pulmonary fibrosis coexisting with PAP. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the utility of TBLC for evaluating pulmonary fibrosis in patients with PAP.

COVID-19 in Patients with Pre-Existing Interstitial Lung Disease: Potential Value of a Steroid-Based Treatment Strategy.

The prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pre-existing interstitial lung disease (preILD) is poor, and no effective treatment strategy has been determined. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a steroid-based treatment strategy for patients with COVID-19 and preILD. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 610 consecutive patients with COVID-19 treated at our institution between 1 March 2020 and 30 October 2021 and identified 7 patients with preILD, all of whom were treated with corticosteroids and remdesivir.

Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Diagnosed by a Re-evaluation with Bronchoalveolar Lavage at Disease Deterioration.

A 79-year-old man was admitted with worsening cough, dyspnea, and increased ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography (CT). He had been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis given the absence of an identifiable cause of interstitial pneumonia, chest CT findings, and absence of lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Meticulous history taking revealed extensive exposure to inciting antigens contained in chicken fertilizer before symptom worsening.

Incidence, Characteristics, Clinical Course, and Risk Factors of Ulcerative Colitis-related Lung Diseases.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic GI inflammatory disorder involving various extraintestinal organs, including the lungs. Although UC-related lung diseases (UC-LDs) have been widely recognized, much remains unclear.

Research Question: What are the incidence, characteristics, clinical course, and risk factors of UC-LD?

Study Design And Methods: This study retrospectively identified and classified UC-LDs by reviewing the medical records of consecutive patients with UC.

[Multiple Minute Pulmonary Meningothelial-like Nodules;Report of a Case].

A 57-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for investigation of multiple tiny nodules in the lung fields bilaterally on computed tomography (CT). Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed to diagnose the pulmonary lesions. Histological analysis showed nodular lesions with interstitial proliferation of uniform, round to oval cells with variable widening of the alveolar septa.

Tumor invasion in the central airway is a risk factor for early-onset checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy can cause immune-related pneumonitis, also known as checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). CIP that develops early after the initiation of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is important because it is more severe than CIP that develops later. However, only a few studies have examined the risk factors for early-onset CIP.

[Pancreatic Pleural Effusion;Report of a Case].

A 50-year-old man was admitted with respiratory failure. Chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed massive left pleural effusion and mediastinal shift. Pleural effusion showed abnormally high amylase levels of 42,600 IU/l and a high protein level of 3.