Concentration and distribution characteristics of gross alpha, U, U and Ra in freshwater of some rivers and artificial lakes in southeast Vietnam.

Rivers and artificial lakes are the major sources that supply freshwater to communities, cities, agriculture, and industry. However, this water type is normally polluted by radionuclides, which are from groundwater discharge, surface soil runoff, or Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NOR) effluents. In this study, gross alpha and alpha-emitting radionuclides (U, U and Ra) were analysed in freshwater samples collected in 31 sites in two rivers and four quarry lakes in Southeast Vietnam.

Fine-tuning large language models for improved health communication in low-resource languages.

Background: The reported study illustrates a methodology for compiling training datasets to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs) for healthcare information in Vietnamese, a low-resource language. The objective is to bridge the gap in medical information accessibility and enhance healthcare communication in developing countries by adapting LLMs to specific linguistic nuances and domain needs.

Method: The methodology involves selecting a base model, compiling a domain-specific dataset, and fine-tuning the model with this dataset.

Machine learning-enhanced gesture recognition through impedance signal analysis.

Gesture recognition is a crucial aspect in the advancement of virtual reality, healthcare, and human-computer interaction, and requires innovative methodologies to meet the increasing demands for precision. This paper presents a novel approach that combines Impedance Signal Spectrum Analysis (ISSA) with machine learning to improve gesture recognition precision. A diverse dataset that included participants from various demographic backgrounds (five individuals) who were each executing a range of predefined gestures.

Homologous recombination deficiency should be tested for in patients with advanced stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer aged 70 years and over.

Objective: Due to limited data on homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in older patients (≥ 70 years) with advanced stage high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), we aimed to determine the rates of HRD at diagnosis in this age group.

Methods: From the Phase 3 trial VELIA the frequency of HRD and BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) was compared between younger (< 70 years) and older participants. HRD and somatic(s) BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) were determined at diagnosis using Myriad myChoice® CDx and germline(g) BRCA1/2 PVs using Myriad BRACAnalysis CDx®.

CA-125 KELIM as a Potential Complementary Tool for Predicting Veliparib Benefit: An Exploratory Analysis From the VELIA/GOG-3005 Study.

Purpose: In VELIA trial, veliparib combined with carboplatin-paclitaxel, followed by maintenance (veliparib-throughout) was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with carboplatin-paclitaxel alone in patients with high-grade ovarian carcinomas. We explored the prognostic value of the modeled cancer antigen (CA)-125 elimination rate constant K (KELIM), which is known to be an indicator of the intrinsic tumor chemosensitivity (the faster the rate of CA-125 decline, the higher the KELIM and the higher the chemosensitivity), and its association with benefit from veliparib.

Patients And Methods: Individual KELIM values were estimated from longitudinal CA-125 kinetics.

Impact of veliparib, paclitaxel dosing regimen, and germline BRCA status on the primary treatment of serous ovarian cancer - an ancillary data analysis of the VELIA trial.

Objective: In the Phase 3 VELIA trial (NCT02470585), veliparib added to carboplatin plus paclitaxel concomitantly and as maintenance for women with newly-diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy alone. Here we present exploratory analyses by paclitaxel dosing schedule and germline BRCA (gBRCA) status.

Methods: Women with untreated ovarian carcinoma were randomized (1:1:1) to: veliparib during chemotherapy and maintenance (veliparib-throughout), veliparib during chemotherapy followed by placebo maintenance (veliparib-combination only), or placebo during chemotherapy and maintenance (control).

Impact of homologous recombination status and responses with veliparib combined with first-line chemotherapy in ovarian cancer in the Phase 3 VELIA/GOG-3005 study.

Objective: In the Phase 3 VELIA trial (NCT02470585), PARP inhibitor (PARPi) veliparib was combined with first-line chemotherapy and continued as maintenance for patients with ovarian carcinoma enrolled regardless of chemotherapy response or biomarker status. Here, we report exploratory analyses of the impact of homologous recombination deficient (HRD) or proficient (HRP) status on progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates during chemotherapy.

Methods: Women with Stage III-IV ovarian carcinoma were randomized to veliparib-throughout, veliparib-combination-only, or placebo.

RRMonitor: A Resource-Aware End-to-End System for Continuous Monitoring of Respiration Rate Using Earbuds.

Respiration rate is considered as a critical vital sign, and daily monitoring of respiration rate could provide helpful information about any acute condition in the human body. While researchers have been exploring mobile devices for respiration rate monitoring, passive and continuous monitoring is still not feasible due to many usability challenges (e.g.

Novel cryptomelane nanosheets for the superior catalytic combustion of oxygenated volatile organic compounds.

This work offers a novel pathway to prepare cryptomelane manganese oxides nanosheets as an superior catalyst for the catalytic combustion of oxygenated volatile organic compounds. The tunnel cryptomelane manganese oxides nanosheets were prepared from layered birnessite via simultaneously tuning pH and molar ratio (R) of the redox-precipitation between oxalic acid and KMnO. Thus, few-layered cryptomelane nanosheets possessing the most predominantly exposed (211) facet are generated at low pH (5.

An External Validation Study of the Oakland and Glasgow-Blatchford Scores for Predicting Adverse Outcomes of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an Asian Population.

Aims: This study is aimed at (1) validating the performance of Oakland and Glasgow-Blatchford (GBS) scores and (2) comparing these scores with the SALGIB score in predicting adverse outcomes of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) in a Vietnamese population.

Methods: A multicenter cohort study was conducted on ALGIB patients admitted to seven hospitals across Vietnam. The adverse outcomes of ALGIB consisted of blood transfusion; endoscopic, radiologic, or surgical interventions; severe bleeding; and in-hospital death.

H. pylori Infection and Colorectal Cancers by Anatomical Locations.

Background: H. pylori infection may play a role in the development of colorectal cancers (CRC). We aimed to examine the association between H.

A Case-Control Study of Meat Mutagens and Colorectal Cancers in Viet Nam.

Objective: The aim was to examine the association between heterocyclic amines 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo pyridine (PhIP) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Viet Nam.

Methods: We performed a case-control study for 512 colorectal cancer patients with the histopathological confirmation and 1,096 hospital controls. We collected information on lifestyle, diet, and cooking methods from participants by trained interviewers using the validated questionnaires.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Stomach Cancer among Male Adults: A Case-Control Study in Northern Viet Nam.

Objective: This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking.

Methods: A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 146 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam.

Improving Efficacy of Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer: Gaps to Overcome from the Real-World Practice in Vietnam.

Objective: To identify factors associated with increased proportion of early gastric cancer to total detected gastric cancer among patients undergoing diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted across 6 central-type and 6 municipal-type Vietnamese hospitals. A questionnaire regarding annual esophagogastroduodenoscopy volume, esophagogastroduodenoscopy preparation, the use of image-enhanced endoscopy, and number of gastric cancer diagnosed in 2018 was sent to each hospital.

Development and Validation of a Scoring System to Predict Severe Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Vietnamese.

Background/aims: The prevalence of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) has progressively increased worldwide but there are few studies in Asian populations. This study aimed to develop and validate a scoring system to predict severe ALGIB in Vietnamese.

Methods: Risk factors for severe ALGIB were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis using data from a retrospective cohort of 357 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital.

Multi-Foulant-Resistant Material Design by Matching Coating-Fluid Optical Properties.

The buildup of corrosion deposits, known as fouling, seriously hinders large-scale energy production. From nuclear power plants to geothermal reservoirs, fouling increases system pressure drops, impedes heat transfer, and accelerates corrosion, leading to derating and early failure. Here, we investigate the collodial interactions between multiple foulants and coated surfaces, with the aim of discovering principles for minimizing the adhesion of foulants to them.

Synthesis of Diatomite-Based Mesoporous Wool-Ball-Like Microspheres and Their Application for Toluene Total Oxidation Reaction.

Diatomite (DE) has attracted considerable attention owing to its abundance, low cost, and potential for a wide variety of applications. This work reports the development of mesoporous wool-ball-like (WBL) microspheres from natural DE through a simple hydrothermal treatment. We discovered that the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a prerequisite for generating monodispersed WBL microspheres.

Impact of chemokine C-C ligand 27, foreskin anatomy and sexually transmitted infections on HIV-1 target cell availability in adolescent South African males.

We compared outer and inner foreskin tissue from adolescent males undergoing medical male circumcision to better understand signals that increase HIV target cell availability in the foreskin. We measured chemokine gene expression and the impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the density and location of T and Langerhans cells. Chemokine C-C ligand 27 (CCL27) was expressed 6.