Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 infection: a report of an increasing entity.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. By May 2021, 37 cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had been reported in the literature. We report a patient diagnosed with SAT associated with COVID-19 and review the previously reported cases.

Comparison of adipose tissue derived genes in endogenous Cushing's syndrome versus diet-induced obesity.

Introduction: Dysregulation of adipokine secretion and action is a characteristic feature of obesity and a key clinical feature of Cushing's syndrome (CS). We have investigated whether endogenous glucocorticoid excess influences adipose tissue-derived gene expression.

Material And Methods: mRNA expression of adipokines; adiponectin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 (IL-6), angiotensinogen (AGT), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, retinol binding protein 4, visfatin, and cystatin C was assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in visceral adipose tissue removed during abdominal surgery of eight patients with CS, and six control patients.

MOD-4023, a long-acting carboxy-terminal peptide-modified human growth hormone: results of a Phase 2 study in growth hormone-deficient adults.

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy currently requires daily injections, which may cause distress and low compliance. C-terminal peptide (CTP)-modified growth hormone (MOD-4023) is being developed as a once-weekly dosing regimen in patients with GH deficiency (GHD). This study's objective is to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and efficacy of MOD-4023 administered once-weekly in GHD adults.

Percutaneous Ethanol Sclerotherapy of Symptomatic Nodules Is Effective and Safe in Pregnant Women: A Study of 13 Patients with an Average Follow-Up of 6.8 Years.

Background. Because of the increased risk of surgery, thyroid nodules causing compression signs and/or hyperthyroidism are concerning during pregnancy. Patients and Methods.

Safety and efficacy of oral octreotide in acromegaly: results of a multicenter phase III trial.

Background: A novel oral octreotide formulation was tested for efficacy and safety in a phase III, multicenter, open-label, dose-titration, baseline-controlled study in patients with acromegaly.

Methods: We enrolled 155 complete or partially controlled patients (IGF-1 <1.3 × upper limit of normal [ULN], and 2-h integrated GH <2.

[Drug therapy for acromegaly].

Prolonged overproduction of growth hormone, like insulin-like growth factor-1 hypersecretion leads to acromegaly in adults. This is associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality. Despite typical clinical features and modern diagnostic tools, it often takes years to diagnose from the onset of the disease.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 6050 hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency before GH replacement: a KIMS analysis.

Objective: GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is characterized by a tendency toward obesity and an adverse body composition with visceral fat deposit and may thus predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the observed prevalence proportion (PP) and observed PP over expected PP ratio (standardized prevalence proportion ratio, SPR) of diabetes according to International Diabetes Federation criteria in a large cohort of GH-untreated adult-onset GHD patients.

Design And Methods: Associations between baseline variables and diabetes prevalence in 6050 GHD patients from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) were studied and robust Poisson-regression analyses were performed.

ACTH-secreting Crooke cell carcinoma of the pituitary.

Purpose: While pituitary adenomas are common, pituitary carcinomas are rare. It is unclear whether pituitary carcinomas arise de novo or evolve from adenomas.

Methods: We studied the clinical characteristics and tissue samples from eight pituitary surgeries and the autopsy from a patient with pituitary carcinoma.

[Neuroendocrine dysfunctions and their consequences following traumatic brain injury].

Posttraumatic hypopituitarism is of major public health importance because it is more prevalent than previously thought. The prevalence of hypopituitarism in children with traumatic brain injury is unknown. Most cases of posttraumatic hypopituitarism remain undiagnosed and untreated in the clinical practice, and it may contribute to the severe morbidity seen in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Melanoma of the sellar region mimicking pituitary adenoma.

We report here the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with visual disturbance. MRI demonstrated a sellar mass. The diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was made.

Bronchial carcinoid tumors metastatic to the sella turcica and review of the literature.

We review here the literature on neuroendocrine neoplasms metastatic to the pituitary and present an example of the disease. Metastasis of bronchial carcinoid tumors to the sellar region are rare. Herein, we describe the case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with constant cough and headaches.

Incidence of diabetes mellitus and evolution of glucose parameters in growth hormone-deficient subjects during growth hormone replacement therapy: a long-term observational study.

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to determine incidence of diabetes during GH replacement therapy (GHRT) and the effect of GHRT on fasting plasma glucose concentrations and HbA(1c) in adult patients with GH deficiency.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 5,143 GH-deficient patients (male 49.

[Familial isolated pituitary adenoma syndrome].

Familial pituitary adenomas occur in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Carney complex, as well as in familial isolated pituitary adenoma syndrome. Familial isolated pituitary adenoma syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease with incomplete penetrance. Pituitary adenomas occur in familial setting but without any other specific tumors.

[Growth hormone receptor antagonist in the treatment of acromegaly].

Exploration of construction, function and interaction of human growth hormone and growth hormone receptor in details resulted in the innovation of the new growth hormone receptor antagonist, pegvisomant. Pegvisomant with different mechanism of action extended the tools of medical management of acromegaly. Importance of the novel treatment modality is high.

[Consensus on the change of criteria for cure of acromegaly during the last decade].

The Acromegaly Consensus Group redefined the consensus criteria for cure of acromegaly. 74 neurosurgeons and experienced endocrinologists summarized the latest results on diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly. In this consensus statement the reliable growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 assays were established.

[Treatment of acromegaly].

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion leads to acromegaly which is associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality. Despite of the typical clinical features and modern diagnostic tools, it often takes years from the onset of the disease until the diagnosis. The aims of the treatment are to reduce or control the tumor growth, inhibit the GH hypersecretion, normalize the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels, treat the co-morbidities and therefore reduce mortality.

Biosimilars: controversies as illustrated by rhGH.

Unlabelled: Abstract Background and scope: Similar biological medicinal products, also called 'biosimilars', are copies of biopharmaceutical products whose patent has expired. Whether biosimilars are truly comparable and interchangeable with their reference biopharmaceutical products in terms of quality, efficacy and tolerability, is still a matter of debate. This review discusses the controversies related to the criteria for regulatory approval of biosimilars.

Analysis of IMP3 expression in normal and neoplastic human pituitary tissues.

Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely found in adult benign tissues. In various tumors, IMP3 expression is correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and reduced overall survival. To our knowledge, IMP3 expression has not been investigated in pituitary tumors.

Rapid and sustained reduction of serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with acromegaly receiving lanreotide Autogel therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study with a 52 week open extension.

The study was designed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the 28-day prolonged-release Autogel formulation of the somatostatin analogue lanreotide (Lan-Autogel) in unselected patients with acromegaly. The study comprised four phases: washout; a double-blind comparison with placebo, at a single randomized dose (60, 90 or 120 mg) of Lan-Autogel; a single-blind, fixed-dose phase for four injections (placebo group was re-allocated to active treatment); and eight injections with doses tailored according to biochemical response. Serum samples were assessed for growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, at weeks 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, 32 and 52.

Protein western array analysis in human pituitary tumours: insights and limitations.

The molecular analysis of pituitary tumours has received a great deal of attention, although the majority of studies have concentrated on the genome and the transcriptome. We aimed to study the proteome of human pituitary adenomas. A protein array using 1005 monoclonal antibodies was used to study GH-, corticotrophin- and prolactin-secreting as well as non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).

No greater incidence or worsening of cardiac valve regurgitation with somatostatin analog treatment of acromegaly.

Context: Excess GH and IGF-I in acromegaly are associated with reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular complications.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and severity of cardiac valve regurgitation before and after somatostatin-analog treatment in acromegaly.

Design: This was a prospective, observer-blinded, multicenter, 12-month study.