Recovery of urinary function after radical prostatectomy: predictors of urinary function on preoperative prostate magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: We determined whether pelvic soft tissue and bony dimensions on endorectal magnetic resonance imaging influence the recovery of continence after radical prostatectomy, and whether adding significant magnetic resonance imaging variables to a statistical model improves the prediction of continence recovery.

Materials And Methods: Between 2001 and 2004, 967 men undergoing radical prostatectomy underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Soft tissue and bony dimensions were retrospectively measured by 2 raters blinded to clinical and pathological data.

Clinical and histopathological characteristics of familial prostate cancer in Finland.

Objective: • To describe clinical and histopathological characteristics of Finnish familial prostate cancer (PCa) through a detailed analysis of cases in families.

Patients And Methods: • In total, 202 Finnish families with 617 histopathologically confirmed PCa cases of confirmed genealogy were collected. • Complete clinical data, including age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, stage, grade and primary treatment, were gathered.

Do pelvic dimensions and prostate location contribute to the risk of experiencing complications after radical prostatectomy?

Objective: To assess if pelvic size, such as a narrow, steep pelvis, as well as prostate location in relation to the pelvic anatomy might have an impact on the likelihood of experiencing complications after radical prostatectomy.

Patients And Methods: In a standardized manner, different bony and soft tissue dimensions on preoperative staging MRI were retrospectively measured in a study cohort of 934 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Measurements were defined aimed at assessing pelvic size and prostate location.

Pelvimetric dimensions do not impact upon nerve sparing or erectile function recovery in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Introduction: The impact of unfavorable pelvic anatomy on the likelihood of having a nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and the potential correlation between pelvic dimensions and recovery of erectile function (EF) after RRP have not been previously evaluated.

Aim: To determine the impact of different pelvic bony and soft tissue dimensions as well as apical prostate depth on the likelihood of performing bilateral nerve sparing and on recovery of EF after RP.

Methods: Between November 2001 and June 2007, 644 potent men undergoing RRP had preoperative MRI where pelvimetry was performed with bilateral nerve sparing in 504 men.

Ethnic variation in pelvimetric measures and its impact on positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the ethnic variation in pelvimetry and its impact as a predictor of positive surgical margins (PSM) at radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: Preoperative MRI was performed in 482 Caucasian and 103 African American (AA) men undergoing RP without previous treatment from July 2003 to January 2005 and November 2001 to June 2007, respectively. We measured bony and soft tissue dimensions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the pelvic inlet, midplane, prostate size, and apical depth.

The depth of the prostatic apex is an independent predictor of positive apical margins at radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To determine the effect of a deep and narrow pelvis on apical positive surgical margins (PSM) at radical prostatectomy (RP), controlling for other clinical and pathological variables and surgical approach, i.e. open retropubic (RRP) vs laparoscopic (LRP), as apical dissection is expected to be more challenging at RP with a prostate situated deep in a narrow pelvis.

PALB2 variants in hereditary and unselected Finnish prostate cancer cases.

Background: PALB2 1592delT mutation is associated with increased breast cancer and suggestive prostate cancer (PRCA) risk in Finland. In this study we wanted to assess if any other PALB2 variants associate to increased PRCA risk and clinically describe patients with formerly found PALB2 1592delT mutation.

Methods: Finnish families with two or more PRCA cases (n = 178) and unselected cases (n = 285) with complete clinical data were initially screened for variants in the coding region and splice sites of PALB2.

Incidence of cancer in finnish families with clinically aggressive and nonaggressive prostate cancer.

Background: Clinical features of familial prostate cancer (PCa) and other malignancies associated with PCa are poorly described. Using a large family-based data registry of histologically confirmed cancers with a 40-year follow-up, we sought to determine incidence of cancer in Finnish PCa families, separately for clinically aggressive and clinically nonaggressive PCa.

Methods: We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for 5,523 members of 202 families by dividing the number of observed cancers (altogether 497 cases) by the number of expected cancers.

Early prostate-specific antigen changes and the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Purpose Of Review: To delineate how recent findings on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can improve prediction of risk, detection, and prediction of clinical endpoints of prostate cancer (PCa).

Recent Findings: The widely used PSA cut-point of 4.0 ng/ml increasingly appears arbitrary, but no cut-point achieves both high sensitivity and high specificity.

Segregation analysis of 1,546 prostate cancer families in Finland shows recessive inheritance.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide and is likely to be caused by a number of genes with different modes of inheritance, population frequencies and penetrance. The objective of this study was to assess the familial aggregation of PCa in a sample of 1,546 nuclear families ascertained through an affected father and diagnosed during 1988-1993, from the unique, founder population-based resource of the Finnish Cancer Registry. Segregation analysis was performed for two cohorts of 557 early-onset and 989 late-onset families evaluating residual paternal effects and assuming that age at diagnosis followed a logistic distribution after log-transformation.

Pooled genome linkage scan of aggressive prostate cancer: results from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics.

While it is widely appreciated that prostate cancers vary substantially in their propensity to progress to a life-threatening stage, the molecular events responsible for this progression have not been identified. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could provide important prognostic information relevant to more effective clinical management of this heterogeneous cancer. Hence, through genetic linkage analyses, we examined the hypothesis that the tendency to develop aggressive prostate cancer may have an important genetic component.

Two-locus genome-wide linkage scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes with an interaction effect.

Prostate cancer represents a significant worldwide public health burden. Epidemiological and genetic epidemiological studies have consistently provided data supporting the existence of inherited prostate cancer susceptibility genes. Segregation analyses of prostate cancer suggest that a multigene model may best explain familial clustering of this disease.

Hemochromatosis gene mutations among Finnish male breast and prostate cancer patients.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the most common genetic disease in northern Europeans, is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism. The association between hepatocellular carcinoma and HFE homozygosity is well documented, but recently HFE hetero- and homozygosity has also been linked to nonhepatocellular malignancies, including female breast cancer. We hypothesized that C282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene could contribute to male breast cancer (MBC) and prostate cancer (PC) susceptibility at the population level in Finland.

A combined genomewide linkage scan of 1,233 families for prostate cancer-susceptibility genes conducted by the international consortium for prostate cancer genetics.

Evidence of the existence of major prostate cancer (PC)-susceptibility genes has been provided by multiple segregation analyses. Although genomewide screens have been performed in over a dozen independent studies, few chromosomal regions have been consistently identified as regions of interest. One of the major difficulties is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant PC-susceptibility genes.

Hereditary prostate cancer in Finland: fine-mapping validates 3p26 as a major predisposition locus.

In a recent genome-wide linkage (GWL) analysis of Finnish families at high risk for prostate cancer, we found two novel putative susceptibility loci at 3p25-p26 and 11q14. Here, we report the fine-mapping of these two critical regions at high resolution with 39 microsatellite markers in 16 families, including multiplex families that were not used in the GWL scan. The maximum multipoint HLOD was 3.

Combined genome-wide scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes.

Background: Prostate cancer represents a substantial public health burden worldwide. It is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. A family history of the disease is among the most well-established risk factors for prostate cancer.

Germ-line alterations in MSR1 gene and prostate cancer risk.

Purpose: The MSR1 gene maps to 8p22-23, a novel susceptibility locus for hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). Mutations in MSR1 have been reported to associate with prostate cancer (PRCA) risk. Here we report a follow-up study from Finland to evaluate the association between PRCA and MSR1 gene.

Androgen receptor CAG polymorphism and prostate cancer risk.

Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms of the androgen receptor gene ( AR) may influence the risk of prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. Here, we analyzed the length of the CAG repeat of the AR gene in 1363 individuals, including patients with PC, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and population controls. There was a tendency for short CAG repeats to be associated with PC.

Germline alterations of the RNASEL gene, a candidate HPC1 gene at 1q25, in patients and families with prostate cancer.

The RNASEL gene (2',5'-oligoisoadenylate-synthetase dependent) encodes a ribonuclease that mediates the antiviral and apoptotic activities of interferons. The RNASEL gene maps to the hereditary-prostate-cancer (HPC)-predisposition locus at 1q24-q25 (HPC1) and was recently shown to harbor truncating mutations in two families with linkage to HPC1. Here, we screened for RNASEL germline mutations in 66 Finnish patients with HPC, and we determined the frequency of the changes in the index patients from 116 families with HPC, in 492 patients with unselected prostate cancer (PRCA), in 223 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and in 566 controls.