Influence of coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the extent of cervical lymph node dissection and prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: Previous studies did not focus on the differences in the extent of cervical lymph node (LN) dissection according to coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical impact. We aimed to determine whether extensive cervical LN dissection is responsible for favourable clinical outcomes in PTC patients with HT and whether the coexistence of HT itself has an independent protective effect regardless of LN status.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Factors influencing As(V) stabilization in the mine soils amended with iron-rich materials.

Chemical stability of As(V) in amended mine-impacted soils was assessed according to functions of incubation period (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months), amendment dose (2.5 and 5%), and application timing (0 and 3rd month). Six soils contaminated with 26-209 mg kg of As(V) were collected from two abandoned mine sites and were treated with two alkaline iron-rich materials (mine discharge sludge (MS) and steel-making slag (SS)).

Epstein-Barr virus infection in children with renal transplantation: A single-centre experience.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the incidence, timing, manifestations, managements, and outcomes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in paediatric renal transplant recipients in Korea.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 70 patients aged <18 years who had undergone renal transplantation between January 1990 and November 2014 at a single centre in Korea. EBV infection was diagnosed via serological test or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Chirality-Selective Functionalization of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes with a Reactivity-Switchable Molecule.

Chirality-selective functionalization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been a difficult synthetic goal for more than a decade. Here we describe an on-demand covalent chemistry to address this intriguing challenge. Our approach involves the synthesis and isolation of a chemically inert diazoether isomer that can be switched to its reactive form in situ by modulation of the thermodynamic barrier to isomerization with pH and visible light that resonates with the optical frequency of the nanotube.

Chemical Control and Spectral Fingerprints of Electronic Coupling in Carbon Nanostructures.

The optical and electronic properties of atomically thin materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene are sensitively influenced by substrates, the degree of aggregation, and the chemical environment. However, it has been experimentally challenging to determine the origin and quantify these effects. Here we use time-dependent density-functional-theory calculations to simulate these properties for well-defined molecular systems.

Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Asymmetric Addition Reaction of Unprotected Pyrimidines to Alkoxyallene.

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N-heterocyclic glycosides free of protecting and directing groups is reported. The key reaction is highlighted by the atom-efficient and regioselective addition of unprotected pyrimidines to highly functionalized alkoxyallene. Numerous acyclic and cyclic N-heterocyclic glycosides are accessed with minimal formation of organic byproducts.

Superacid-Surfactant Exchange: Enabling Nondestructive Dispersion of Full-Length Carbon Nanotubes in Water.

Attaining aqueous solutions of individual, long single-walled carbon nanotubes is a critical first step for harnessing the extraordinary properties of these materials. However, the widely used ultrasonication-ultracentrifugation approach and its variants inadvertently cut the nanotubes into short pieces. The process is also time-consuming and difficult to scale.

Compact photoacoustic module for methane detection incorporating interband cascade light emitting device.

A photoacoustic module (PAM) for methane detection was developed by combining a novel 3.2 μm interband cascade light emitting device (ICLED) with a compact differential photoacoustic cell. The ICLED with a 22-stage interband cascade active core emitted a collimated power of ~700 μW.

Age-specific reference interval of serum TSH levels is high in adolescence in an iodine excess area: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey data.

Purpose: Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level was influenced by several factors, including age, gender, thyroid auto-antibodies, race, and intake of dietary iodine. We evaluated age-specific reference interval of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in Korea, an iodine excess area.

Methods: This nationwide population-based cross-sectional study included representative civilian, non-institutional population (n = 6564) who underwent thyroid function tests from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2015).

Young Age and Male Sex Are Predictors of Large-Volume Central Neck Lymph Node Metastasis in Clinical N0 Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas.

Background: Large-volume lymph node metastasis (LNM) is associated with poor clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients. However, sensitivity in the detection of central neck LNM on preoperative neck ultrasonography (US) is believed to be low. The aim of this study is to investigate the preoperative clinical factors associated with large-volume LNM in clinical N0 PTMC patients.

Thyrotropin Suppressive Therapy for Low-Risk Small Thyroid Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Thyrotropin (TSH) suppression has improved the clinical outcomes of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the efficacy of TSH suppressive therapy (TST) is unclear in patients with low-risk DTC. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TST and optimal TSH levels of patients with low-risk DTC.

Co-fermentation using Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Strains Hyper-secreting Different Cellulases for the Production of Cellulosic Bioethanol.

To realize the economical production of ethanol and other bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), various cellulases from different sources were tested to improve the level of cellulase secretion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by screening an optimal translational fusion partner (TFP) as both a secretion signal and fusion partner. Among them, four indispensable cellulases for cellulose hydrolysis, including Chaetomium thermophilum cellobiohydrolase (CtCBH1), Chrysosporium lucknowense cellobiohydrolase (ClCBH2), Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase (TrEGL2), and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera β-glucosidase (SfBGL1), were identified to be highly secreted in active form in yeast. Despite variability in the enzyme levels produced, each recombinant yeast could secrete approximately 0.

Comparison of the Seventh and Eighth Editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic validity for disease-specific survival (DSS) of the eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system (TNM-8) compared to the seventh edition (TNM-7) in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

Methods: The seventh and eighth editions of the TNM staging system were applied to 1613 DTC patients who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2003. The proportion of variation explained and Harrell's c-index were evaluated to compare the predictive capability of DSS.

Lack of Efficacy of Radioiodine Remnant Ablation for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Verification Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting.

Background: Most of the increase in thyroid cancer in recent decades has been due to papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). We evaluated the efficacy of radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) in patients with PTMC.

Methods: This historical cohort study included 1932 PTMC patients without lateral cervical lymph node (LN) or distant metastasis who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) during the median 8.

PPARδ Reprograms Glutamine Metabolism in Sorafenib-Resistant HCC.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only therapeutic agent approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but acquired resistance to sorafenib is high. Here, we report metabolic reprogramming in sorafenib-resistant HCC and identify a regulatory molecule, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδ), as a potential therapeutic target. Sorafenib-resistant HCC cells showed markedly higher glutamine metabolism and reductive glutamine carboxylation, which was accompanied by increased glucose-derived pentose phosphate pathway and glutamine-derived lipid biosynthetic pathways and resistance to oxidative stress.

Excessive Iodine Intake and Thyrotropin Reference Interval: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Iodine intake is associated with various thyroid diseases and serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate iodine intake and its impact on the distribution of serum TSH levels using nationwide data from Korea, a country known to be iodine replete.

Methods: The sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) is a nationwide, cross-sectional survey of the Korean general population.

Growth Kinetics of Macronodular Lung Metastases and Survival in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The clinical course of patients with lung metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) vary, and cancer-specific survival (CSS) can be associated with tumor burden. This study evaluated the growth kinetics of lung metastases from DTC using serial chest computed tomography for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors assessment and its prognostic implications.

Methods: Forty-four patients with macronodular lung metastases (≥1 cm) of DTC were included.

Serial Neck Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Changes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma During Pregnancy.

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy. However, there is little information on the behavior of PTC during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural course of PTC in pregnant women.

Clinical outcomes after delayed thyroid surgery in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Objective: Active surveillance is an option for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). However, the long-term clinical outcomes after delayed surgery remain unclear. We compared the long-term clinical outcomes of PTMC patients according to the time interval between initial diagnosis and surgery.

Clinical Features of Early and Late Postoperative Hypothyroidism After Lobectomy.

Context: Lobectomy is preferred in thyroid cancer to decrease surgical complications and avoid lifelong thyroid-hormone replacement. However, postoperative hypothyroidism, requiring thyroid-hormone replacement, may occur.

Objective: We aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of postoperative hypothyroidism to develop a surveillance strategy after lobectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Active Surveillance for Patients With Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Single Center's Experience in Korea.

Context: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) usually has an excellent prognosis.

Objective: To evaluate the three-dimensional structures of PTMCs, using serial neck ultrasonography (US) in patients under active surveillance.

Design And Setting: A retrospective cohort study.

Features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma associated with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis.

Objectives: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has an excellent prognosis with an indolent disease course. However, some PTMCs have an aggressive course with lateral cervical lymph node (LCLN) metastasis or distant metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the pre-operative features of PTMC associated with LCLN metastasis.

A comparison of lobectomy and total thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a retrospective individual risk factor-matched cohort study.

Objective: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) accounts for most of the increase in thyroid cancer in recent decades. We compared clinical outcomes and surgical complications of lobectomy and total thyroidectomy (TT) in PTMC patients.

Design And Methods: In this retrospective individual risk factor-matched cohort study, 2031 patients with PTMC were initially included.

Association of KCNJ2 Genetic Variants with Susceptibility to Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis in Patients with Graves' Disease.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is characterized by acute onset paralysis and hypokalemia predominantly in male patients with thyrotoxicosis. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of potassium channels, which might explain the underlying mechanism of TPP. The gene encodes the inward-rectifying potassium channel.

Dynamic Risk Stratification for Predicting Recurrence in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated Without Radioactive Iodine Remnant Ablation Therapy.

Background: Increased incidence of small differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has emphasized the need for risk stratification and individualized disease management for these low risk DTCs. The aim of this study was to validate a new dynamic risk stratification (DRS) system for the prediction of structural recurrent/persistent disease in patients with DTC treated without radioactive iodine (RAI) remnant ablation therapy.

Methods: This historical cohort study included 357 patients with DTC treated with lobectomy or total thyroidectomy without RAI therapy.