Observation of Floquet states in graphene.

Floquet engineering-the coherent dressing of matter via time-periodic perturbations-is a mechanism to realize and control emergent phases in materials out of equilibrium. However, its applicability to metallic quantum materials and semimetals such as graphene is an open question. The report of light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene remains debated, and a time-resolved photoemission experiment has suggested that Floquet effects might not be realizable in graphene and other semimetals with relatively short decoherence times.

Floquet-Bloch valleytronics.

Upon time-periodic driving of electrons using electromagnetic fields, the emergence of Floquet-Bloch states enables the creation and control of exotic quantum phases. In transition metal dichalcogenides, broken inversion symmetry within each monolayer results in Berry curvature at the K and K' valley extrema, giving rise to chiroptical selection rules that are fundamental to valleytronics. Here, we bridge the gap between these two concepts and introduce Floquet-Bloch valleytronics.

[Use of routine data in rehabilitation research - Part 1: An overview of type, access, quality and data protection].

Due to the high costs of primary studies, use of existing data, so-called routine data, can be particularly suitable for answering care-related research questions in rehabilitation. Previous reviews on the use of routine data have focused on acute care within the purview of the statutory health insurance (GKV), but have largely overlooked rehabilitation and other rehabilitation-relevant service providers such as the German Pension Insurance (DRV), the German Statutory Accident Insurance (DGUV) and the Federal Employment Agency (BA). The aim is to provide an overview of the type, access, quality and data protection aspects of routine data in the context of rehabilitation research, based on existing recommendations, results of a selective literature search, and the authors' own experience.

Momentum-resolved fingerprint of Mottness in layer-dimerized NbBr.

Crystalline solids can become band insulators due to fully filled bands, or Mott insulators due to strong electronic correlations. While Mott insulators can theoretically occur in systems with an even number of electrons per unit cell, distinguishing them from band insulators experimentally has remained a longstanding challenge. In this work, we present a unique momentum-resolved signature of a dimerized Mott-insulating phase in the experimental spectral function of NbBr: the top of the highest occupied band along the out-of-plane direction k has a momentum-space separation Δk = 2π/d, whereas that of a band insulator is less than π/d, where d is the average interlayer spacing.

Screening the human druggable genome identifies ABHD17B as an anti-fibrotic target in hepatic stellate cells.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated with chronic liver injury and transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, which produce excessive extracellular matrices that form the fibrotic scar. While the progression of fibrosis is understood to be the cause of end-stage liver disease, there are no approved therapies directed at interfering with the activity of HSC myofibroblasts. Here, we perform a high-throughput small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen in primary human HSC myofibroblasts to identify gene products necessary for the fibrotic phenotype of HSCs.

How Are TBI Symptoms Interconnected? A Network Analysis Approach.

Background: Many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) across all levels of severity experience persistent psycho-emotional, cognitive, and somatic symptoms. Psychological network theory views disorders as intricate systems rather than discrete diseases. This study employs an exploratory network analysis method to uncover potential causal links among long-term TBI symptoms.

Spin-orbit interaction driven terahertz nonlinear dynamics in transition metals.

The interplay of electronic charge, spin, and orbital currents, coherently driven by picosecond long oscillations of light fields in spin-orbit coupled systems, is the foundation of emerging terahertz lightwave spintronics and orbitronics. The essential rules for how terahertz fields interact with these systems in a nonlinear way are still not understood. In this work, we demonstrate a universally applicable electronic nonlinearity originating from spin-orbit interactions in conducting materials, wherein the interplay of light-induced spin and orbital textures manifests.

Controllable orbital angular momentum monopoles in chiral topological semimetals.

The emerging field of orbitronics aims to generate and control orbital angular momentum for information processing. Chiral crystals are promising orbitronic materials because they have been predicted to host monopole-like orbital textures, where the orbital angular momentum aligns isotropically with the electron's crystal momentum. However, such monopoles have not yet been directly observed in chiral crystals.

Manipulating the symmetry of photon-dressed electronic states.

Strong light-matter interaction provides opportunities for tailoring the physical properties of quantum materials on the ultrafast timescale by forming photon-dressed electronic states, i.e., Floquet-Bloch states.

Insights into the Identification of iPSC- and Monocyte-Derived Macrophage-Polarizing Compounds by AI-Fueled Cell Painting Analysis Tools.

Macrophage polarization critically contributes to a multitude of human pathologies. Hence, modulating macrophage polarization is a promising approach with enormous therapeutic potential. Macrophages are characterized by a remarkable functional and phenotypic plasticity, with pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) states at the extremes of a multidimensional polarization spectrum.

Pharmacological and pre-clinical safety profile of rSIV.F/HN, a hybrid lentiviral vector for cystic fibrosis gene therapy.

Rationale And Objective: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR modulators offer significant improvements, but ∼10% of patients remain nonresponsive or are intolerant. This study provides an analysis of rSIV.

Are physical activity referral scheme components associated with increased physical activity, scheme uptake, and adherence rate? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are composed of various components, such as a written prescription or a person-centered approach. The role of these components in their effectiveness is yet to be understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships between PARS components and physical activity, scheme uptake, and adherence rate; and to estimate the effect of PARS.

Berry curvature signatures in chiroptical excitonic transitions.

The topology of the electronic band structure of solids can be described by its Berry curvature distribution across the Brillouin zone. We theoretically introduce and experimentally demonstrate a general methodology based on the measurement of energy- and momentum-resolved optical transition rates, allowing to reveal signatures of Berry curvature texture in reciprocal space. By performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of atomically thin WSe using polarization-modulated excitations, we demonstrate that excitons become an asset in extracting the quantum geometrical properties of solids.

[The Blaufeuer measure for employees with mental stress and simultaneous workplace problems-Is the target group being reached?].

Background: Employees with mental burden and simultaneous workplace problems have an increased risk of chronification and disability pension. To support this group of people, the German Pension Insurance (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund) developed the Systemic Integration Management for People with Mental Impairments (SEMpsych) project as part of the rehapro federal program. The Blaufeuer counselling service was implemented in three model regions (Berlin, Cologne, and Nuremberg).

[Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on dysfunctional respiratory patterns in patients with uncontrolled asthma].

Purpose: Dysfunctional breathing patterns (DAM) are deviations from physiologic breathing patterns. DAM seem to be associated with lower asthma control. To date, it is unclear what effect inpatient rehabilitation can have on this problem.

[Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) 3 and 6 Months After Pulmonary Rehabilitation Following COVID-19].

Purpose: If COVID-19 disease sequelae also (co-)affect the respiratory organs, national and international guidelines recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). So far, however, no studies are available from Germany on the course after PR, nor on possible course differences between the two Long COVID subgroups "Ongoing symptomatic COVID-19" and "Post-COVID-19 syndrome" (PCS).

Methods:   In a prospective observational study, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) regarding exertional dyspnea, quality of life, pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were assessed at the beginning of PR (T1), end of PR (T2), and after 3 (T3) and 6 months (T4).

Quantum Optics Measurement Scheme for Quantum Geometry and Topological Invariants.

We show how a quantum optical measurement scheme based on heterodyne detection can be used to explore geometrical and topological properties of condensed matter systems. Considering a 2D material placed in a cavity with a coupling to the environment, we compute correlation functions of the photons exiting the cavity and relate them to the hybrid light-matter state within the cavity. Different polarizations of the intracavity field give access to all components of the quantum geometric tensor on contours in the Brillouin zone defined by the transition energy.

Complementary CRISPR screen highlights the contrasting role of membrane-bound and soluble ICAM-1 in regulating antigen-specific tumor cell killing by cytotoxic T cells.

Cytotoxic CD8 +T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key players of adaptive anti-tumor immunity based on their ability to specifically recognize and destroy tumor cells. Many cancer immunotherapies rely on unleashing CTL function. However, tumors can evade killing through strategies which are not yet fully elucidated.

[What do health care professionals know about advance directives?].

Background: Advance directives are important to preserve the autonomy of patients for future situations in which they are uncapable of expressing their will. They are considered helpful by many healthcare professionals in their professional practice. However, their knowledge on these documents is not well known.

High-resolution transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling identifies novel regulators of COPD.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still waiting for curative treatments. Considering its environmental cause, we hypothesized that COPD will be associated with altered epigenetic signaling in lung cells. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation maps at single CpG resolution of primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) across COPD stages.

Application of human iPSC-derived macrophages in a miniaturized high-content-imaging-based efferocytosis assay.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their key regulatory functions in health and disease. Overcoming the limited availability and donor variability of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (IDMs) could provide a promising tool for both disease modeling and drug discovery. To access large numbers of model cells for medium- to high-throughput application purposes, an upscaled protocol was established for differentiation of iPSCs into progenitor cells and subsequent maturation into functional macrophages.

Continuous symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional Rydberg array.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking underlies much of our classification of phases of matter and their associated transitions. The nature of the underlying symmetry being broken determines many of the qualitative properties of the phase; this is illustrated by the case of discrete versus continuous symmetry breaking. Indeed, in contrast to the discrete case, the breaking of a continuous symmetry leads to the emergence of gapless Goldstone modes controlling, for instance, the thermodynamic stability of the ordered phase.

Probing magnetic orbitals and Berry curvature with circular dichroism in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) can probe localized excitations at selected atoms in materials, including particle-hole transitions between the valence and conduction bands. These transitions are governed by fundamental properties of the corresponding Bloch wave functions, including orbital and magnetic degrees of freedom, and quantum geometric properties such as the Berry curvature. In particular, orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is closely linked to the Berry curvature, can exhibit a nontrivial momentum dependence.

Negative association between fatigue and signs of sleep apnoea in patients after COVID-19.

https://bit.ly/3pEl9C8.