Measuring anticipation of stuttering: Validation and revision of the English Premonitory Awareness in Stuttering Scale (PAiS-R).

Purpose: Anticipation of stuttering is experienced by nearly all adults who stutter (AWS). The Premonitory Awareness in Stuttering Scale (PAiS) is an existing tool validated in German and Turkish that measures the intensity of stuttering anticipation. The present study aimed to provide initial validation of the PAiS in English.

Stuttering in Mandarin-speaking adults.

Mandarin, a tonal language, features four distinct lexical tones (T1, T2, T3, T4) and one neutral tone (T0), each with unique pitch variations. This exploratory study examined the relationship between these tones and stuttering in 26 Mandarin-speaking adults. The amount of stuttering that occurred for each type of tone was identified and analysed according to absolute occurrence across tones, as well as the relative occurrence within each type of tone.

Distress Affects Melodic Complexity in Infants' Crying.

Introduction: Cry melody serves as a platform for the eventual development of expressive language. Complex melodic structures exist in the naturally occurring discomfort cries of healthy term infants as young as 2 months of age. To date, no study has analyzed the influence of distress on complexity of cry melody.

Estimates of Speech Efficiency in Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers of English.

Introduction: The Speech Efficiency Score (SES) serves as an acoustic metric for assessing fluency in conversational speech within the temporal domain. This study leverages SES to investigate conversational speech efficiency among native speakers of American English (AE) compared to speakers of Mandarin-accented English (MAE).

Methods: SES, speaking rate, articulation rate, and vocabulary diversity were measured and compared between two groups: native AE speakers and MAE speakers.

Noise phenomena in distress cries of term and very preterm infants at term-equivalent age.

Background And Aim: To examine whether the noise components in distress cries of term infants differed from very preterm infants whose cries were collected at a comparable "corrected" gestational age.

Methods: Distress cries were collected from 20 term and 20 preterm infants. The cries were acoustically examined for the occurrence of aperiodic phonatory behavior within and across moments of crying.

Acoustic Cry Characteristics of Infants as a Marker of Neurological Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Atypical cries have been identified in infants with neurological dysfunction. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise existing evidence for associations between acoustic cry characteristics and neurological dysfunction in infants aged 18 months or less.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase were searched for original, peer-reviewed studies published in English reporting cry variables in infants aged 18 months or less with or at risk of neurological dysfunction.

Properties of Relative Timing and Phonetic Complexity in Adults with Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Introduction: This study examined the relative timing in individuals with dysarthria secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim was to examine whether the relative timing was influenced by severity of dysarthria and phonetic complexity of the speech being produced.

Methods: Twenty-one adults with dysarthria secondary to ALS, who presented with a range of dysarthria severity, participated in the study.

Differential stuttering during conversation and oral reading in Kuwaiti-Arabic speakers: a note on diglossia.

The current study aimed to explore the frequency and types of stuttering in the oral reading and conversational samples of Arabic adults who stutter (AWS). Twelve Kuwaiti-Arabic AWS (mean age: 27.3 years) participated in the study.

Melody complexity of infants' cry and non-cry vocalisations increases across the first six months.

In early infancy, melody provides the most salient prosodic element for language acquisition and there is huge evidence for infants' precocious aptitudes for musical and speech melody perception. Yet, a lack of knowledge remains with respect to melody patterns of infants' vocalisations. In a search for developmental regularities of cry and non-cry vocalisations and for building blocks of prosody (intonation) over the first 6 months of life, more than 67,500 melodies (fundamental frequency contours) of 277 healthy infants from monolingual German families were quantitatively analysed.

Disfluency characteristics of Omani Arabic-English bilingual speakers.

This study examined the oral reading and conversational speech of eight bilinguals who stutter (BWS). The participants spoke Omani Arabic as the dominant and English as the less-dominant language. The samples were examined with particular reference to the production of overall disfluency, stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) and other-disfluencies (ODs) occurring at the syllable and word level.

Laryngeal Constriction Phenomena in Infant Vocalizations.

Purpose Instances of laryngeal constriction have been noted as a feature of infant vocal development. The purpose of this study was to directly evaluate the developmental occurrence of laryngeal constriction phenomena in infant crying, cooing, and babbling vocalizations. Method The cry and noncry vocalizations of 20 healthy term-born infants between the ages of 1 and 7 months were examined for instances of laryngeal constriction.

Estimates of functional cerebral hemispheric differences in monolingual and bilingual people who stutter: dichotic listening paradigm.

Recent studies indicate functional cerebral hemispheric processing differences between monolinguals and bilinguals who stutter, as well as monolinguals and bilinguals who do not stutter. Eighty native German speakers, half of whom were also proficient speakers of English as a second language (L2), were assessed on a dichotic listening paradigm using CV syllables as stimuli. The participants were organised into four different groups according to speech status and language ability: 20 monolinguals who stutter, 20 bilinguals who stutter, 20 monolinguals who do not stutter, and 20 bilinguals who do not stutter.

Inspiratory Phonation in Baby Voice.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the developmental occurrence of inspiratory phonations (IPs) in the spontaneous cries of healthy infants across the first 10 weeks of life.

Study Design: This is a populational retrospective study.

Participants: The spontaneous crying of 17 healthy infants (10 were male) was retrospectively investigated.

Estimates of functional cerebral hemispheric differences in monolingual and bilingual people who stutter: Dual-task paradigm.

The inter-relationship of stuttering and bilingualism to functional cerebral hemispheric processing was examined on a dual-task paradigm. Eighty native German (L1) speakers, half of whom were sequential bilinguals (L2 = English), were recruited. The participants (mean age = 38.

Estimates of functional cerebral hemispheric differences in monolingual and bilingual people who stutter: Visual hemifield paradigm.

The relationship between stuttering and bilingualism to functional cerebral hemispheric processing was examined using a visual hemifield paradigm. Eighty native German speakers, half of whom were also proficient speakers of English as a second language (L2), were recruited. The participants were organised into four different groups according to speech status and language ability: 20 monolinguals who stutter, 20 bilinguals who stutter, 20 monolinguals who do not stutter, and 20 bilinguals who do not stutter.

Are individuals with Parkinson's disease capable of speech-motor learning? - A preliminary evaluation.

Introduction: The benefits of different practice conditions in limb-based rehabilitation of motor disorders are well documented. Conversely, the role of practice structure in the treatment of motor-based speech disorders has only been minimally investigated. Considering this limitation, the current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of selected practice conditions in spatial and temporal learning of novel speech utterances in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Communication restriction in adults who stutter.

This study explored communication restriction in adults with stuttering (AWS) by means of typical language measures obtained using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts - New Zealand (SALT-NZ) software, as well as systemic functional linguistics (SFL) analyses. The areas of language productivity and complexity, modality (i.e.

Noisy but effective: crying across the first 3 months of life.

Objective: To evaluate the developmental occurrence of subharmonic (SH) and noise (N) phenomena and to quantify their extent in the spontaneous cries of healthy infants across the first 3 months.

Study Design: Populational prospective study.

Participants: Spontaneous elicited cries from 20 infants (10 male) were repeatedly recorded across the first 3 months of life.

The role of language familiarity in bilingual stuttering assessment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of English-speaking speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to evaluate stuttering behaviour in two Spanish-English bilingual adults who stutter (AWS1 and AWS2). The English-speaking SLPs were asked to judge the frequency, severity, type, duration, and physical concomitants of stuttering in both languages of the two AWS. The combined results from the English-speaking SLPs were then compared to the judgements of three Spanish-English bilingual SLPs.

An exploration of dichotic listening among adults who stutter.

A pilot investigation of dichotic listening of CV stimuli was undertaken using seven adults who stutter (AWS) and a comparison group of seven adults who do not stutter (AWNS). The aim of this research was to investigate whether AWS show a difference in the strength of the right ear advantage (REA) in both undirected and directed attention tasks when compared to AWNS. The undirected attention task involved manipulating the interaural intensity difference (IID) of the CV stimuli presented to each ear.

Sudden infant death syndrome: cry characteristics.

Objective: To acoustically evaluate the cries of SIDS infants and compare these cry features to a group of healthy term (HT) infants, as well as previously published results for SIDS infants.

Methods: Pain-induced crying episodes were collected from four infants during the first weeks of life that later died of SIDS. Temporal and spectral features of each crying episode were characterized based on measures of cry duration, cry fundamental frequency (F0), and cry formant frequencies (F1 and F2).

Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on voice production in healthy adults.

The isolated effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on voice production were examined in 30 healthy adults with no known pre-existing airway disease. All participants followed a daily ICS treatment regime of 500 μg in the morning and evening over a 6-day period. Sustained vowels and connected speech samples were audio recorded before, during, and after the ICS regime.

Stuttering characteristics of German-English bilingual speakers.

The purpose of this study was to examine stuttering behavior in German-English bilingual people who stutter (PWS), with particular reference to the frequency of stuttering on content and function words. Fifteen bilingual PWS were sampled who spoke German as the first language (L1) and English as a second language (L2). Conversational speech was sampled in each language and analyzed for the percentage of overall stuttering-like disfluencies and distribution of stuttering on content and function words.

Recovery of speech following total glossectomy: an acoustic and perceptual appraisal.

This study involved an acoustic and perceptual analysis of the speech produced by a 31-year-old female following total glossectomy. Speech samples were collected on three occasions within the first 3 months following glossectomy. Vowel articulation was examined acoustically as a function of vowel space and the Euclidean distance separating corner vowels.

Acoustic estimates of respiration in the pain cries of newborns.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the temporal features of pain-elicited crying demonstrated by healthy full term infants to estimate (1) the respiratory rate during cry and (2) the inspiratory and expiratory phase composition of the cry respiratory cycle.

Patients And Methods: The pain-elicited cries of 12 newborn infants were recorded within the first 2 weeks following birth. A complete crying episode was analyzed for each infant and acoustically measured for the number and duration of inspiratory and expiratory cry components.