Experimental and on-sky demonstration of spectrally dispersed wavefront sensing using a photonic lantern.

Adaptive optics (AO) systems are critical in any application where highly resolved imaging or beam control must be performed through a dynamic medium. Such applications include astronomy and free-space optical communications, where light propagates through the atmosphere, as well as medical microscopy and vision science, where light propagates through biological tissues. Recent works have demonstrated common-path wavefront sensors (WFSs) for adaptive optics using the photonic lantern (PL), a slowly varying waveguide that can efficiently couple multi-moded light into single-mode fibers (SMFs).

Nonlinear techniques for few-mode wavefront sensors.

We present several nonlinear wavefront sensing techniques for few-mode sensors, all of which are empirically calibrated and agnostic to the choice of wavefront sensor. The first class of techniques involves a straightforward extension of the linear phase retrieval scheme to higher order; the resulting Taylor polynomial can then be solved using the method of successive approximations, though we discuss alternate methods such as homotopy continuation. In the second class of techniques, a model of the WFS intensity response is created using radial basis function interpolation.

Searching for Exoplanets Using a Microresonator Astrocomb.

Orbiting planets induce a weak radial velocity (RV) shift in the host star that provides a powerful method of planet detection. Importantly, the RV technique provides information about the exoplanet mass, which is unavailable with the complementary technique of transit photometry. However, RV detection of an Earth-like planet in the 'habitable zone' requires extreme spectroscopic precision that is only possible using a laser frequency comb (LFC).

Hearing impairment and hypoxia ischaemic encephalopathy: Incidence and associated factors.

Objective: To establish the local incidence of hearing loss in newborns with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) and to identify associated risk factors.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) dual stage hearing screening protocol, including automated otoacoustic emissions (AOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) testing.

Obesity, diet and lifestyle in 9-year-old children with parentally reported chronic diseases: findings from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal child cohort study.

Background: The incidence and prevalence of childhood chronic disease is increasing worldwide. Obesity, poor diet and lifestyle may be more prevalent in children with a chronic disease than in their healthier contemporaries. The Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study is a nationally representative cohort study of children living in the Republic of Ireland.

First light of the Gemini Planet imager.

The Gemini Planet Imager is a dedicated facility for directly imaging and spectroscopically characterizing extrasolar planets. It combines a very high-order adaptive optics system, a diffraction-suppressing coronagraph, and an integral field spectrograph with low spectral resolution but high spatial resolution. Every aspect of the Gemini Planet Imager has been tuned for maximum sensitivity to faint planets near bright stars.

The organisation and structure of inflammatory bowel disease services for children and young people in the UK in 2010: significant progress but still room for improvement.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming more common in children. While treatment options remain limited the appropriate organisation and delivery of services are an integral part of good care.

Methods: All eligible UK paediatric sites were invited to submit data for organisation of paediatric IBD services as of 1 September 2010.

A case of EBV driven haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating a teenage Crohn's disease patient on azathioprine, successfully treated with rituximab.

We report a case of Epstein-Barr virus infection with the subsequent development of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a teenage Crohn's disease patient treated with azathioprine. We found that the early introduction of the anti-B cell monoclonal antibody rituximab precipitated a rapid fall in circulating B-cells and EBV viral load, resulting in a prompt and sustained recovery from what is a potentially fatal complication of azathioprine therapy in Crohn's disease patients.

Optical images of an exosolar planet 25 light-years from Earth.

Fomalhaut, a bright star 7.7 parsecs (25 light-years) from Earth, harbors a belt of cold dust with a structure consistent with gravitational sculpting by an orbiting planet. Here, we present optical observations of an exoplanet candidate, Fomalhaut b.