: Addressing Community Needs to Implement Firearm Prohibitions for Domestic Violence Protective Order Respondents.

Prohibiting domestic violence protective order (DVPO) respondents from firearms is an effective strategy to prevent intimate partner homicide. However, DVPO gun laws vary considerably across states, and the implementation of such laws is inconsistent across localities. Local context, such as resource availability, priorities, and politics, differs across types of communities and impacts the implementation of laws.

Medicaid and the Great Unwinding: The Administrative Presidency Meets Federalism.

In the context of America's fragmented health insurance system, federal policy makers frequently turn to Medicaid to temporarily assist the blameless victims of societal crises. In this vein, the COVID pandemic triggered passage of major legislation that led Medicaid enrollments to soar. The end of the public health emergency presented the Biden administration and state Medicaid programs with the daunting task of implementing the "great unwinding"-redetermining eligibility for millions of enrollees.

Patients' Information Needs for Informed Consent to Participate in First-in-Human Pig Kidney Xenotransplant Clinical Trials: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Transplant programs preparing to initiate first-in-human pig kidney xenotransplant clinical trials must be especially careful when obtaining participants' informed consent. Little is known about the kind of information patients want for making an informed decision about trial participation.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with waitlisted kidney transplant patients about information needs regarding participating in a first-in-human pig kidney xenotransplant trial, which guided development of a prototype consent form.

Transplant Patients' Perceptions About Participating in First-in-Human Pig Kidney Xenotransplant Clinical Trials: A Mixed Methods Study.

First-in-human pig xenotransplant clinical trials may soon begin, which raises ethical concerns about patients' decision-making to participate in such trials. We assessed kidney transplant candidates' attitudes and hypothetical decision-making about participating in xenotransplant trials through semi-structured telephone interviews and an online survey. We analyzed qualitative data by thematic analysis and quantitative data by descriptive statistics.

Has the Expansion of Health Insurance Coverage via the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act Influenced Inequities in Coronary Revascularization in New York City?

Background/purpose: In 2014, New York City implemented the Affordable Care Act (ACA) leading to insurance coverage gains intended to reduce inequities in healthcare services use. The paper documents inequalities in coronary revascularization procedures (percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting) usage by race/ethnicity, gender, insurance type, and income before and after the implementation of the ACA.

Methods: We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to identify NYC patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or congestive heart failure (CHF) in 2011-2013 (pre-ACA) and 2014-2017 (post-ACA).

Access to outpatient care in Manhattan and Paris: A tale of real change in two world cities.

France's system of universal health insurance (UHI) offers more equitable access to outpatient care than the patchwork system in the U.S., which does not have a UHI system.

Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials and the Need for Community Engagement.

There are several ethical concerns facing first-in-human clinical trials involving xenotransplantation. Who should participate in these trials? If we limit trial participation to those who have exhausted other treatment options, how can we avoid therapeutic misconception? How should we balance the desire for long-term monitoring of trial participants against the well-established principle that research participants have the right to withdraw from research? Finally, how should we balance concerns about equitable access to these trials with deep mistrust of the scientific community? In particular, should xenotransplant clinical trials attempt to address well-known inequities in clinical trial participation by race and ethnicity? In this commentary, I argue that clinical investigators and regulators have an obligation to engage with underrepresented communities to develop answers to these questions.

Neighborhood inequalities and the decline of infant mortality in São Paulo.

This paper documents changes in infant mortality (IM) rates in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2003 and 2013 and examines the association among neighborhood characteristics and IM. We investigate the extent to which increased use of health care services and improvements in economic and social conditions are associated with reductions in IM. Using data from the Brazilian Census and the São Paulo Secretaria Municipal da Saúde/SMS, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of panel data in all 96 districts of São Paulo for every year between 2003 and 2013.

The evolution of infant mortality and neighbourhood inequalities in four world cities: 1988-2016.

Objectives: To determine the level of neighbourhood inequalities in infant mortality (IM) rates in the urban core of four world cities and to examine the association between neighbourhood-level income and IM. We compare our findings with those published in 2004 to better understand how these city health systems have evolved.

Methods: We compare IM rates among and within the four cities using data from four periods: 1988-1992; 1993-1997; 2003-2008 and 2012-2016.

Regulating Gene Editing in the Wild: Building Regulatory Capacity to Incorporate Deliberative Democracy.

The release of genetically engineered organisms into the shared environment raises scientific, ethical, and societal issues. Using some form of democratic deliberation to provide the public with a voice on the policies that govern these technologies is important, but there has not been enough attention to how we should connect public deliberation to the existing regulatory process. Drawing on lessons from previous public deliberative efforts by U.

Envisioning Complex Futures: Collective Narratives and Reasoning in Deliberations over Gene Editing in the Wild.

The development of technologies for gene editing in the wild has the potential to generate tremendous benefit, but also raises important concerns. Using some form of public deliberation to inform decisions about the use of these technologies is appealing, but public deliberation about them will tend to fall back on various forms of heuristics to account for limited personal experience with these technologies. Deliberations are likely to involve narrative reasoning-or reasoning embedded within stories.

Public Deliberation about Gene Editing in the Wild.

Genetic editing technologies have long been used to modify domesticated nonhuman animals and plants. Recently, attention and funding have also been directed toward projects for modifying nonhuman organisms in the shared environment-that is, in the "wild." Interest in gene editing nonhuman organisms for wild release is motivated by a variety of goals, and such releases hold the possibility of significant, potentially transformative benefit.

Variation in end-of-life care and hospital palliative care among hospitals and local authorities: A preliminary contribution of big data.

Background: Many studies explore the clinical and ethical dimensions of care at the end-of-life, but fewer use administrative data to examine individual and geographic differences, including the use of palliative care.

Aim: Provide a population-based perspective on end-of-life and hospital palliative care among local authorities and hospitals in France.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of care received by 17,928 decedents 65 and over (last 6 months of life), using the French national health insurance database.

Unsanitized and Unfair: How COVID-19 Bailout Funds Refuel Inequity in the US Health Care System.

Context: The CARES Act of 2020 allocated provider relief funds to hospitals and other providers. We investigate whether these funds were distributed in a way that responded fairly to COVID-19-related medical and financial need. The US health care system is bifurcated into the "haves" and "have nots.

Civic Learning, Science, and Structural Racism.

Vaccine hesitancy is a major public health challenge, and racial disparities in the acceptance of vaccines is a particular concern. In this essay, we draw on interviews with mothers of Black male adolescents to offer insights into the reasons for the low rate of vaccination against the human papillomavirus among this group of adolescents. Based on these conversations, we argue that increasing the acceptance of HPV and other vaccines cannot be accomplished merely by providing people with more facts.

Residential Segregation and Publicly Spirited Democracy.

Successful deliberations over contentious issues require a publicly spirited citizenry that will encourage elected officials to promote what James Madison called the "permanent and aggregate interests" of the country. Unfortunately, atomizing forces have pulled American society apart, undermining trust and making collective action difficult. Residential segregation is one of those atomizing forces.

Recommendations for Better Civic Learning: Building and Rebuilding Democracy.

This is the concluding essay for a special report from The Hastings Center entitled Democracy in Crisis: Civic Learning and the Reconstruction of Common Purpose, which grew out of a project supported by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.

Civic Learning for a Democracy in Crisis.

This essay introduces a special report from The Hastings Center entitled Democracy in Crisis: Civic Learning and the Reconstruction of Common Purpose, which grew out of a project supported by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.

Commentary: Global Comparisons of Physician Associations.

The authors reflect on their own work in relation to the articles in this special section on physician organizations, and they make four observations. First, association-government power relations shift after countries introduce universal health insurance, but they are by no means diminished. In France, Germany, and Japan, physicians' economic interests are explicitly considered against broader health system goals, such as providing affordable universal insurance.