X-ray velocimetry provides temporally and spatially-resolved biomarkers of lung ventilation in small airways disease.

Background: Small airways disease is a feature of many respiratory conditions. Currently available methods of diagnosing small airways lack sensitivity and/or cannot evaluate spatial heterogeneity. New diagnostic strategies for diagnosing small airways disease are needed.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: model for assisted target lobe selection.

Introduction: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves (EBV) is an effective procedure for patient with severe emphysema to improve lung function, exercise tolerance, dyspnoea and quality of life. Optimisation of patient and treatment lobe selection is essential for successful EBV outcomes. While clinical selection criteria are rigorous, many centres use a multidisciplinary team and rely on previous clinical experience for the selection process.

Quantifying ventilation by X-ray velocimetry in healthy adults.

Rationale: X-ray velocimetry (XV) has been utilized in preclinical models to assess lung motion and regional ventilation, though no studies have compared XV-derived physiologic parameters to measures derived through conventional means.

Objectives: To assess agreement between XV-analysis of fluoroscopic lung images and pitot tube flowmeter measures of ventilation.

Methods: XV- and pitot tube-derived ventilatory parameters were compared during tidal breathing and with bilevel-assisted breathing.

Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.

Background: Hypoxemia is the most common complication during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults and may increase the risk of cardiac arrest and death. Whether positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-mask device (bag-mask ventilation) during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults prevents hypoxemia without increasing the risk of aspiration remains controversial.

Methods: In a multicenter, randomized trial conducted in seven intensive care units in the United States, we randomly assigned adults undergoing tracheal intubation to receive either ventilation with a bag-mask device or no ventilation between induction and laryngoscopy.

Manual ventilation to prevent hypoxaemia during endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults: protocol and statistical analysis plan for a multicentre randomised trial.

Introduction: Hypoxaemia is the most common complication during endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults, and it increases the risk of cardiac arrest and death. Manual ventilation between induction and intubation has been hypothesised to decrease the incidence of hypoxaemia, but efficacy and safety data are lacking.

Methods And Analysis: The Preventing Hypoxemia with Manual Ventilation during Endotracheal Intubation trial is a prospective, multicentre, non-blinded randomised clinical trial being conducted in seven intensive care units in the USA.