Age-specific incidence and five-year relative survival of endometrial cancer histotypes by race and ethnicity among US women, 2000 to 2019.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinicopathologic and molecular features; however, population-based studies have traditionally focused on two broad histological groups (endometrioid and non-endometrioid). This study aims to delineate the epidemiology of individual endometrial cancer histotypes by analyzing age-specific incidence and five-year relative survival by race and ethnicity.

Methods: We estimated hysterectomy-corrected, age-specific incidence rates of endometrial cancer histotypes by race and ethnicity among women aged 30+ years, diagnosed from 2000 to 2019 in the Surveillance and Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER22; N = 390,805).

The use of transrectal ultrasound to improve gynecologic interstitial applicator implantation.

Objective: Brachytherapy is essential for treating locally advanced cervical cancer and vaginal recurrences post-hysterectomy. While MRI and CT have permitted volumetric planning, precise interstitial applicator placement remains crucial for optimal dosimetry. We evaluated the impact of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) on interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy needle utilization and dosimetry.

Venous thromboembolism risk for patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m undergoing robotic surgery for endometrial cancer.

Objectives: To determine the 30-day postoperative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with endometrial cancer and body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m undergoing robotic surgical staging.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing robotic surgery for endometrial cancer from January 2020 to December 2022 with BMI ≥40 kg/m at a single academic institution. Patients were excluded if they were prescribed therapeutic anticoagulation preoperatively.

Trends in FDA approvals of gynecologic oncology therapeutics from 2019 to 2024.

Objective: To quantify the impact of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) therapeutic approvals in gynecologic oncology from 2019 to 2024 and compare these approvals to other solid tumor disease sites.

Methods: The FDA Approval Notifications was evaluated to assess drug approvals for solid tumors between August 15, 2019 and August 15, 2024. Drug approvals were evaluated to determine if they replaced the current standard of care (SOC), were used in combination with currently approved drugs, were used for adjuvant or maintenance therapy, or were approved for recurrence.

Not all uterine carcinosarcomas are created equal: Survival outcomes according to molecular characterization of uterine carcinosarcoma.

Objectives: To assess if ProMisE classifier molecular subtypes are associated with differing survival outcomes in uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) and compare these outcomes to endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) tumors.

Methods: There were 2235 UCS and 6469 EEC tumors using next-generation sequencing of DNA, whole exome sequencing, and RNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was tested by IHC and NGS.

Characterizing the genomic landscape through the lens of FOLR1 status in low and high grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Objective: Targeted therapy in folate receptor alpha (FOLR1)-positive high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is now a mainstay for platinum-resistant disease. However, the rate of FOLR1-positivity in low grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is not well documented. Less common than HGSOC, LGSOC tends to respond poorly to traditional platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens, particularly in recurrence.

Management of a complete mole and coexisting fetus in post-dobbs world.

Background: Twin pregnancies consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexistent fetus (CMCF) are rare and associated with a high rate of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Management of these pregnancies remains controversial and increasingly challenging following the decision given the viability of the coexisting twin fetus.

Case: This case looks at the diagnosis, management, and maternal-fetal outcomes of a viable fetus coexisting molar pregnancy at a large academic center in an abortion-restricted state.

Differential outcomes and immune checkpoint inhibitor response among endometrial cancer patients with MLH1 hypermethylation versus MLH1 "Lynch-like" mismatch repair gene mutation.

Objectives: To identify differential survival outcomes and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response in MLH1 hypermethylated versus MLH1 mutated ("Lynch-like") endometrial tumors and determine whether their molecular profiles can elucidate the differential outcomes.

Methods: 1673 mismatch repair deficient endometrial tumors were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). PD-L1, ER, and PR were tested by immunohistochemistry and immune cell infiltrates were calculated using MCP-counter.

Sociodemographic characteristics and cervical cancer survival in different regions of the United States: a National Cancer Database study.

Objective: To determine how sociodemographic factors impact cervical cancer survival in different geographic locations in the USA.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with cervical cancer from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2015 in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was identified. Tumor characteristics as well as race, income, insurance type, and treating facility types were compared among nine geographic regions.

Inhibition of AXL and VEGF-A Has Improved Therapeutic Efficacy in Uterine Serous Cancer.

Endometrial cancer remains the most prevalent gynecologic cancer with continued rising incidence. A less common form of this cancer is uterine serous cancer, which represents 10% of endometrial cancer cases. However, this is the most aggressive cancer.

New Treatments for Recurrent Uterine Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Endometrial cancer is a highly treatable cancer; however, 13 to 15% of cases recur. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies have produced modest results, but new treatments show promise. This information was compiled from an extensive literature search, which was completed in order to summarize current data in this review.

GAS6/AXL Inhibition Enhances Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and PARP Inhibition through Increased DNA Damage and Enhanced Replication Stress.

Over 80% of women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) develop tumor resistance to chemotherapy and die of their disease. There are currently no FDA-approved agents to improve sensitivity to first-line platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy or to PARP inhibitors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that expression of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), the ligand of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, is associated with chemotherapy response and that sequestration of GAS6 with AVB-S6-500 (AVB-500) could improve tumor response to chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors.

Uterine carcinosarcomas: From pathology to practice.

Objective: Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare but aggressive cancer. In early-stage disease data guiding treatment is sparse. The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings from the 2019 NRG oncology group summer symposium meeting as well as a review of the current literature, with a particular focus on molecular targets, ongoing clinical trials, and treatment of early and advanced/recurrent disease.

Reducing emergency department (ED) computed tomography (CT) utilization in women treated for gynecologic cancers.

Objectives: The objective of this quality improvement (QI) project was to decrease the rate of low-value computed tomography (CT) imaging in established gynecologic oncology patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This was a cohort study with a before and after design that evaluated implementation of a QI project designed to decrease CT utilization in established gynecologic oncology patients in the ED. The pre-intervention cohort included patients admitted through the ED from 4/1/17 to 5/31/18, while the post-intervention cohort was from 6/1/18 to 5/31/19.

Vulvar Cancer as a Result of GATA2 Deficiency, a Rare Genetic Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Background: Vulvar cancer has become more prevalent, and its causes include chronic dermatoses and human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated disease. Younger immunocompromised women can also be affected. We describe a case of vulvar carcinoma as a result of GATA2 deficiency.

Systemic Treatment of Metastatic/Recurrent Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Changing Paradigm.

The treatment of metastatic and recurrent uterine leoimyosarcoma (uLMS) has evolved rapidly in the past several years. Leoimyosarcoma is extremely aggressive and responds poorly to traditional chemotherapeutics. Recent regulatory approval of novel treatment options has significantly expanded the therapeutic armamentarium, and the addition of these therapies has challenged clinicians to select and optimally sequence these new compounds.

Predictors of Unplanned Reoperation for Ovarian Cancer Patients From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine preoperative risk factors associated with unplanned reoperation within 30 days for patients undergoing major surgery for primary ovarian cancer using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify patients undergoing primary ovarian cancer surgery from 2012 to 2014. Patients who had a reoperation within 30 days of their primary surgery were identified.

Malignant Brenner tumor associated with a germline mutation.

•The first woman with a Malignant Brenner tumor and a mutation is described.•Not all women with epithelial ovarian cancers are referred for genetic counseling.•Women should be referred for genetics regardless of how rare the histology.

Contributing factors for menopausal symptoms after surgical staging for endometrial cancer.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine contributing factors associated with developing menopausal symptoms after surgical staging in women with endometrial cancer.

Methods: This is a retrospective study examining patients with endometrial cancer who were premenopausal at the time of hysterectomy-based surgical staging including bilateral oophorectomy between January 2000 and October 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate demographics, medical comorbidity, liver function tests, tumor factors, and medication history for menopausal symptoms.