Toxigenic Profile of Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets.

is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits a wide variety of natural environments including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. is an opportunistic enteropathogen capable of producing at least 20 different toxins in various combinations. Strains of are currently categorized into 7 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) based on the presence or absence of 6 typing-toxins (α, β, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, and netB).

Capability for arsenic mobilization in groundwater is distributed across broad phylogenetic lineages.

Despite the importance of microbial activity in mobilizing arsenic in groundwater aquifers, the phylogenetic distribution of contributing microbial metabolisms is understudied. Groundwater samples from Ohio aquifers were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing to identify functional potential that could drive arsenic cycling, and revealed mechanisms for direct (i.e.

Viruses control dominant bacteria colonizing the terrestrial deep biosphere after hydraulic fracturing.

The deep terrestrial biosphere harbours a substantial fraction of Earth's biomass and remains understudied compared with other ecosystems. Deep biosphere life primarily consists of bacteria and archaea, yet knowledge of their co-occurring viruses is poor. Here, we temporally catalogued viral diversity from five deep terrestrial subsurface locations (hydraulically fractured wells), examined virus-host interaction dynamics and experimentally assessed metabolites from cell lysis to better understand viral roles in this ecosystem.

Members of the Genus Are Inferred To Account for the Majority of Aerobic Methane Oxidation in Oxic Soils from a Freshwater Wetland.

Microbial carbon degradation and methanogenesis in wetland soils generate a large proportion of atmospheric methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas. Despite their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, knowledge about methane-consuming methanotrophs is often limited to lower-resolution single-gene surveys that fail to capture the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of these microorganisms in soils. Here our objective was to use genome-enabled approaches to investigate methanotroph membership, distribution, and activity across spatial and seasonal gradients in a freshwater wetland near Lake Erie.

Microbial Community Cohesion Mediates Community Turnover in Unperturbed Aquifers.

Microbial ecological processes are frequently studied in the presence of perturbations rather than in undisturbed environments, despite the relatively stable conditions dominating many microbial habitats. To examine processes influencing microbial community structuring in the absence of strong external perturbations, three unperturbed aquifers in Ohio (Greene, Licking, and Athens) were sampled over 2 years and analyzed using geochemical measurements, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and ecological modeling. Redox conditions ranging from highly reducing to more oxidizing distinguished aquifer geochemistry across the three locations.

Coral physiology and microbiome dynamics under combined warming and ocean acidification.

Rising seawater temperature and ocean acidification threaten the survival of coral reefs. The relationship between coral physiology and its microbiome may reveal why some corals are more resilient to these global change conditions. Here, we conducted the first experiment to simultaneously investigate changes in the coral microbiome and coral physiology in response to the dual stress of elevated seawater temperature and ocean acidification expected by the end of this century.

Draft Genome Sequences of Multiple Strains Isolated from Hydraulically Fractured Shale Environments.

The genomes of three novel strains (WG11, WG12, and WG13) were sequenced. These strains were isolated from hypersaline fluid collected from a hydraulically fractured natural gas well. These genomes provide information on the mechanisms necessary for growth in these environments and offer insight into interactions with other community members.

Anoxia stimulates microbially catalyzed metal release from Animas River sediments.

The Gold King Mine spill in August 2015 released 11 million liters of metal-rich mine waste to the Animas River watershed, an area that has been previously exposed to historical mining activity spanning more than a century. Although adsorption onto fluvial sediments was responsible for rapid immobilization of a significant fraction of the spill-associated metals, patterns of longer-term mobility are poorly constrained. Metals associated with river sediments collected downstream of the Gold King Mine in August 2015 exhibited distinct presence and abundance patterns linked to location and mineralogy.

Abundant carbon substrates drive extremely high sulfate reduction rates and methane fluxes in Prairie Pothole Wetlands.

Inland waters are increasingly recognized as critical sites of methane emissions to the atmosphere, but the biogeochemical reactions driving such fluxes are less well understood. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is one of the largest wetland complexes in the world, containing millions of small, shallow wetlands. The sediment pore waters of PPR wetlands contain some of the highest concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and sulfur species ever recorded in terrestrial aquatic environments.

Worsening renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure treated with ultrafiltration: predictors and outcomes.

Background: Ultrafiltration (UF) is used to treat patients with diuretic-resistant acute decompensated heart failure. The aim of this study was to identify predictors and the effect of worsening renal failure(WRF) on mortality in patients treated with UF.

Methods And Results: Based on changes in serum creatinine, 99 patients treated with UF were divided into WRF and control groups.

Vibrational spectroscopy of Co⁺(CH₄)n and Ni⁺(CH₄)n (n = 1-4).

Vibrational spectra of M(+)(CH4)m(Ar)(3-m) and M(+)(CH4)n (M = Co, Ni; m = 1, 2; n = 3, 4) in the C-H stretching region (2500-3100 cm(-1)) are measured using photofragment spectroscopy, monitoring the loss of argon or methane. Interaction with the metal leads to large red shifts in the C-H stretches for proximate hydrogens. The extent of this shift is sensitive to the coordination (η(2) vs η(3)) and to the metal-methane distance.

Worsening renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure treated with ultrafiltration: predictors and outcomes.

Background: Ultrafiltration (UF) is used to treat patients with diuretic-resistant acute decompensated heart failure. The aim of this study was to identify predictors and the effect of worsening renal failure (WRF) on mortality in patients treated with UF.

Methods And Results: Based on changes in serum creatinine, 99 patients treated with UF were divided into WRF and control groups.

Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome.

Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge that impacts all pharmaceutically used antibiotics. The origin of the genes associated with this resistance is of significant importance to our understanding of the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. A growing body of evidence implicates environmental organisms as reservoirs of these resistance genes; however, the role of anthropogenic use of antibiotics in the emergence of these genes is controversial.

Microwave, infrared and Raman spectra, r0 structural parameters, ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment of 1-fluoro-1-silacyclopentane.

The microwave spectrum (6500-18 ,500 MHz) of 1-fluoro-1-silacyclopentane, c-C(4)H(8)SiHF has been recorded and 87 transitions for the (28)Si, (29)Si, (30)Si, and (13)C isotopomers have been assigned for a single conformer. Infrared spectra (3050-350 cm(-1)) of the gas and solid and Raman spectrum (3100-40 cm(-1)) of the liquid have also been recorded. The vibrational data indicate the presence of a single conformer with no symmetry which is consistent with the twist form.

Infrared and Raman spectra, ab initio calculations, conformational stability and vibrational assignment of 1-bromo-1-silacyclopentane.

Infrared and Raman spectra (3500-60 cm(-1)) of gas and/or liquid and solid 1-bromo-1-silacyclopentane (c-C4H8SiBrH) have been recorded and the vibrational data indicate the presence of a single conformer with no symmetry which is consistent with the twisted form. Ab initio calculations with a variety of basis sets up to MP2(full)/6-311+G(2df,2pd) predict the envelope-axial and envelope-equatorial conformers to be saddle points with nearly the same energies but approximately 900 cm(-1) (5.98 kJ/mol) lower in energy than the planar conformer.

Albumin-based microbubbles bind up-regulated scavenger receptors following vascular injury.

We have shown previously that perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) microbubbles bind to injured vascular tissue and can be detected with ultrasound imaging techniques. Prior studies have shown that scavenger receptors (SRs) are regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses and are involved in the progression of vascular disease such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular mechanism of PESDA binding to balloon-injured vasculature.