Validation of the Oklahoma predictor model for discharge destination in patients with major traumatic injury: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Protracted in-patient stays affect trauma patient costs and hospital resource utilizations. Proper discharge placement stratification may help with early discharge planning in this group of patients. No standardized discharge destination prediction model exists.

Successful Surgical Management of Cardiac Bullet Emboli.

Intravascular missile embolism is a rare occurrence in civilian trauma cases. Usually, the window of opportunity for diagnosis and making clinical decisions is short. Prior knowledge of the characteristics of intravascular bullet embolism and the principles of its management is crucial for practitioners.

Prophylactic antibiotic use in trauma patients with non-operative facial fractures: A prospective AAST multicenter trial.

Background: Craniofacial trauma affects approximately 3 million individuals in the United States annually. Historically, low overall data quality and inadequate sample size have limited the development of clinical practice guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in facial fractures. We sought to examine the current use patterns and effects of prophylactic antibiotics in non-operative facial fractures.

Transcirculation repair of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula in a patient who presented with hydrocephalus: illustrative case.

Background: Direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are relatively rare but dangerous complications of penetrating traumatic brain injury or maxillofacial trauma. A variety of clinical signs have been described, including ophthalmological and neurological ones. In some cases, severely altered cerebral blood flow can present as massive life-threatening bleeding through the nose, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

'Domesticability': were some species predisposed for domestication?

Crop domestication arises from a coevolutionary process between plants and humans, resulting in predictable and improved resources for humans. Of the thousands of edible species, many were collected or cultivated for food, but only a few became domesticated and even fewer supply the bulk of the plant-based calories consumed by humans. Why so few species became fully domesticated is not understood.

Sieving the weeds from the grains: an R based package for classifying archaeobotanical samples of cereals and pulses according to crop processing stages.

Unlabelled: The R package CropPro is an open-access resource to classify archaeobotanical samples as products and by-products of different stages of the crop processing sequence for large-seeded cereal and pulse crops in south west Asia, Europe and other Mediterranean regions. It builds on ethnographic research and analysis conducted by Jones (Plants and ancient man: studies in palaeoethnobotany. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 43-61, 1984), (J Archaeol Sci 14:311-323, 1987), (Circaea 6:91-96, 1990) and a modified method by Charles (Environ Archaeol 1:111-122, 1998).

Health Facility Capacity and Health-care Worker Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth-dose and Maternal Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine Administration in Nigeria: A Baseline Assessment.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and neonatal tetanus infections remain endemic in Nigeria despite the availability of safe, effective vaccines. We aimed to determine health facilities' capacity for hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepB-BD) and maternal tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccine administration among health facility staff in Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study assessing public primary and secondary health facilities in Adamawa and Enugu States.

Appendicitis after colonoscopy-a case report, literature review, and synopsis of the pitfalls in diagnosis.

A case is described in which appendicitis presented in a 73-year-old woman the day after a colonoscopy. Possible mechanisms for appendicitis aggravated by colonoscopy include barotrauma, irritation by residual glutaraldehyde type solution used for cleaning the endoscope, fecalith, and/or appendicolith being pushed into the orifice of the appendix by insufflation during the colonoscopy. This rare complication is likely most often unavoidable due to the pressure required to properly visualize the colon (which typically ranges from 9 to 57 mmHg) and the manipulation required to visualize and cannulate the ileocecal valve.

Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology.

Unlabelled: The functional ecology of arable weeds provides a way of comparing present-day and past farming regimes. This paper presents the R package WeedEco, an open-source resource which allows users to compare their archaeobotanical dataset against three previously published arable weed models to understand fertility, disturbance or a combination of both. The package provides functions for data organisation, classification and visualisation, allowing users to enter raw archaeobotanical data, obtain trait values from the functional trait dataset, conduct discriminant analysis and plot the results against the relevant present-day model.

The association between BMI and self-reported health among a Brazilian sample: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To examine the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-rated health status among a representative sample of the Brazilian population.

Methods: This study consists of a secondary analysis of the existing 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS). Logistic regression models were then used to examine the association between self-reported health status and BMI, while controlling for obesity-related medical conditions and socio-demographic characteristics.

When is it safe to start venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after blunt solid organ injury? A prospective American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multi-institutional trial.

Background: The optimal time to initiate venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis (VTEp) after blunt solid organ injury remains controversial, as VTE mitigation must be balanced against bleeding promulgation. Evidence from primarily small, retrospective, single-center work suggests that VTEp ≤48 hours is safe and effective. This study was undertaken to validate this clinical practice.

The experimental heating of rye, oat, spelt, wheat and barley between 215 and 300 °C: the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data and the photographic evidence of changes to the morphology of the grains.

The effect that heating has on cereal grain morphology and isotopic values has far reaching consequences for archaeobotanical research and palaeodietary reconstructions. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic data and mass loss percentages on, and photographs of, rye, oat, barley, wheat and spelt from a heating experiment are presented and support Stroud et al. (2023).

Malaria Frontline Project: strategic approaches to improve malaria control program leveraging experiences from Kano and Zamfara States, Nigeria, 2016-2019.

Background: The Malaria Frontline Project (MFP) supported the National Malaria Elimination Program for effective program implementation in the high malaria-burden states of Kano and Zamfara adapting the National Stop Transmission of Polio (NSTOP) program elimination strategies.

Project Implementation: The MFP was implemented in 34 LGAs in the two states (20 out of 44 in Kano and all 14 in Zamfara). MFP developed training materials and job aids tailored to expected service delivery for primary and district health facilities and strengthened supportive supervision.

National Stop Transmission of Polio Program support for polio supplemental immunization activities in Nigeria 2012-2016: deployment of management support team.

Introduction: to support polio eradication activities in Nigeria, in 2012 the National Polio Emergency Operation Center (NEOC) created the Management Support Teams (MST) to address gaps in the quality of supervision of polio vaccination teams. The National Stop Transmission of Polio (NSTOP) Program supported the polio eradication activities by deploying trained supervisors as part of the MST for polio and non-polio immunization campaigns.

Methods: trained MST members were deployed approximately 4 days before the start of the campaign to participate in pre-implementation activities and supervise vaccination teams during campaigns.

Prioritization of zoonotic diseases of public health significance in Nigeria using the one-health approach.

Nigeria, with a population of over 190 million people, is rated among the 10 countries with the highest burden of infectious and zoonotic diseases globally. In Nigeria, there exist a sub-optimal surveillance system to monitor and track priority zoonoses. We therefore conducted a prioritization of zoonotic diseases for the first time in Nigeria to guide prevention and control efforts.

Ten-Year Trends in Traumatic Cardiac Injury and Outcomes: A Trauma Registry Analysis.

Background: Cardiac injury is a significant cause of death in patients with traumatic injuries. The Oklahoma Trauma Registry collects data from acute care hospitals in Oklahoma. This study investigated the trends and outcomes of traumatic cardiac injury in Oklahoma over a 10-year period.

Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) is a reliable metric to measure clinically significant improvements following shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) offers a simple method of evaluating patients' sense of functional improvement after shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods: Patients receiving total shoulder arthroplasties were retrospectively queried between 2014 and 2017. Patients completed questionnaires involving SANE, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Constant scores at the 1-year interval.

Re-analysis of archaeobotanical remains from pre- and early agricultural sites provides no evidence for a narrowing of the wild plant food spectrum during the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia.

Archaeobotanical evidence from southwest Asia is often interpreted as showing that the spectrum of wild plant foods narrowed during the origins of agriculture, but it has long been acknowledged that the recognition of wild plants as foods is problematic. Here, we systematically combine compositional and contextual evidence to recognise the wild plants for which there is strong evidence of their deliberate collection as food at pre-agricultural and early agricultural sites across southwest Asia. Through sample-by-sample analysis of archaeobotanical remains, a robust link is established between the archaeological evidence and its interpretation in terms of food use, which permits a re-evaluation of the evidence for the exploitation of a broad spectrum of wild plant foods at pre-agricultural sites, and the extent to which this changed during the development of early agriculture.

Outpatient shoulder arthroplasty: outcomes, complications, and readmissions in 2 outpatient settings.

Background: There is currently a paucity of non-database studies looking at safety and outcomes after outpatient shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to report our initial safety experience with outpatient shoulder arthroplasty including 90-day complications and readmissions. Our hypothesis was that the rate of early complications after outpatient shoulder arthroplasty would be low and similar to that of inpatient procedures regardless of outpatient setting.

An Age and Activity Algorithm for Treatment of Type II SLAP Tears.

Background: Type II SLAP tears predominantly occur in males between their third and fifth decades of life. The mechanism of injury is often repeated overheard activity but can also occur due to direct compression loads and traction injuries. The treatment options have changed over the years and include non-operative therapy, direct labral-biceps complex repair, and labral debridement with biceps tenodesis or tenotomy.

Bipolar Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Patella and Trochlea.

Objective: To evaluate clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ).

Design: Prospectively collected data on 18 knees who underwent fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation of the patella and trochlea by a single surgeon were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: high-grade chondral lesions of PFJ (5 knees), or recurrent patella dislocations with trochlear dysplasia and chondral injury to the patella and/or trochlea (13 knees).

Cholera outbreak in a naïve rural community in Northern Nigeria: the importance of hand washing with soap, September 2010.

Introduction: Cholera outbreaks in rural communities are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Effective interventions to control these outbreaks require identification of source and risk factors for infection. In September, 2010 we investigated a cholera outbreak in Bashuri, a cholera naïve rural community in northern Nigeria to identify the risk factors and institute control measures.