Structural effects of intraretinal cysts on outer retinal layers in eyes with diabetic macular edema.

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate the effects of central macular intraretinal cysts on the underlying outer retinal layer (ORL) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, diabetic patients with or without DR were categorized into three groups: without DME (group 1), with DME but without any cyst featuring a plateau in the lower region (group 2), and patients with cyst featuring an inferior cyst plateau (group 3), defined as a flat conformation at its posterior aspect.

Inverted internal limiting membrane flap for the management of optic disc pit maculopathy.

Optic disc pit is a rare congenital anomaly that can cause serous macular detachment. It has no universally accepted single treatment. Recently, several investigators have performed new procedures to directly seal the pit.

Topical steroids eye drops in conjunctival reactive lymphoid hyperplasia: Case report.

Rationale: Conjunctival lymphoproliferative lesions constitute a significant diagnostic challenge and it is essential to exclude neoplastic lesions. Histopathological and immunohistochemical tests are very useful in establishing the correct diagnosis. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) is part of a spectrum of lymphocytic infiltrative disorders.