Oligodendroglia vulnerability in the human dorsal striatum in Parkinson's disease.

Oligodendroglia are the responsible cells for myelination in the central nervous system and their involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. We performed sn-RNA-seq and image-based spatial transcriptomics of human caudate nucleus and putamen (dorsal striatum) from PD and control brain donors to elucidate the diversity of oligodendroglia and how they are affected by the disease. We profiled a total of ~ 200.

Astrocyte transcriptomic changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Astrocytes are crucial to brain homeostasis, yet their changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology remain unexplored. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 628,943 astrocytes from five brain regions representing the stereotypical progression of AD pathology across 32 donors spanning the entire normal aging to severe AD continuum. We mapped out several unique astrocyte subclusters that exhibited varying responses to neuropathology across the AD-vulnerable neural network (spatial axis) or AD pathology stage (temporal axis).

Disparities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiometabolic conditions in low and lower middle-income countries: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.

Objective: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and cardiometabolic conditions affect populations across economic strata. Nevertheless, there are limited epidemiological studies addressing these diseases in low (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (lower MICs). Therefore, an analysis of the trend of MASLD and cardiometabolic conditions in these countries is necessary.

Characterization of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) as a biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Reactive astrogliosis accompanies the two neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-and parallels neurodegeneration in AD and AD-related dementias (ADRD). Thus, there is growing interest in developing imaging and fluid biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis for AD/ADRD diagnosis and prognostication. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is emerging as a target for PET imaging radiotracers of reactive astrogliosis.

Landscape of brain myeloid cell transcriptome along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease reveals distinct sequential responses to Aβ and tau.

Human microglia are critically involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, as shown by genetic and molecular studies. However, their role in tau pathology progression in human brain has not been well described. Here, we characterized 32 human donors along progression of AD pathology, both in time-from early to late pathology-and in space-from entorhinal cortex (EC), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), prefrontal cortex (PFC) to visual cortex (V2 and V1)-with biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and single nuclei-RNA-sequencing, profiling a total of 337,512 brain myeloid cells, including microglia.

Update on modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Purpose Of Review: All human beings undergo a lifelong cumulative exposure to potentially preventable adverse factors such as toxins, infections, traumatisms, and cardiovascular risk factors, collectively termed exposome. The interplay between the individual's genetics and exposome is thought to have a large impact in health outcomes such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Likewise, a growing body of evidence is supporting the idea that preventable factors explain a sizable proportion of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) cases.

The Anthelmintic Effects of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Paramphistome Parasites, Carmyerius spatiosus.

Introduction: Paramphistomosis is a disease caused by the rumen flukes which cause an acute gastroenteritis and anemia with high mortality particularly in young ruminants.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we have investigated the anthelmintic effect of medicinal plant extracts from leaves and heartwoods of Cassia siamea L., roots of Plumbago zeylanica L.