A Versatile Human Intestinal Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer Model for the Study of Enteric Pathogens.

Gastrointestinal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complexity of human biology and limited insights into host-specific infection mechanisms are key barriers to current therapeutic development. Here, we demonstrate that two-dimensional epithelial monolayers derived from human intestinal organoids, combined with like bacterial culturing conditions, provide significant advancements for the study of enteropathogens.

Missed Opportunities in the Preparticipation Physical Examination for High School Athletes.

The preparticipation sports examination (PPE) is required for US high school athletes. We queried members of the Illinois Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics (ICAAP) about what they actually include in a PPE, allotted PPE time, and counseling about full contact sports participation. Of 2300 ICAAP members contacted electronically, 228 (10%) responded, yielding 205 usable surveys.

Public Attitudes and Knowledge About Youth Sports Participation and Concussion Risk in an Urban Area.

Background: Every year, millions of children in the United States participate in youth full-contact sports, which carry concussion risks-the long-term sequelae of which are not well understood. We examined the attitudes and knowledge of adults in Chicago about youth sports participation, concussion risk, and whether physicians should counsel against youth participation in full-contact sports.

Methods: An anonymous paper survey featuring 13 attitudinal, 13 demographic, and 9 knowledge questions was distributed to a convenience sample of adults ≥18 years in hospital waiting areas and four Chicago parks.

Attitudes and Counseling Practices of Pediatricians Regarding Youth Sports Participation and Concussion Risks.

Objective: To examine attitudes and practices of pediatricians toward sports-related head trauma and youth participation in tackle football and ice hockey.

Study Design: A respondent-anonymous electronic survey was distributed 3 times to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Bioethics, Council on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention, and Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness.

Results: Of 791 eligible pediatricians, 227 (29%) responded.

Viral Hepatitis in Children: A Through E.

Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver. This inflammation can be acute and self-limited, chronic (leading to cirrhosis and an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma), or fulminant (requiring lifesaving liver transplantation). Although there are many causes of hepatitis, this article focuses on the main childhood viral hepatidities: types A, B, C, D, and E.

Long-term venous complications after full-size and segmental pediatric liver transplantation.

Objective: To assess the long-term incidence of venous complications, including portal vein and hepatic vein stenoses, in both whole cadaveric and reduced-size cadaveric and living related liver transplants in a pediatric population, and to assess the therapeutic modalities in the treatment of these lesions.

Summary Background Data: A shortage in appropriate-sized liver grafts for pediatric patients led to the use of segmental liver grafts, which became the predominant graft used in 325 of 600 (54%) transplants at the authors' institution. To assess the long-term impact of this strategy, the authors examined the incidence of late (>90 days) venous complications and the efficacy of all therapeutic interventions.

Thrombocytopenia in children with severe iron deficiency.

Purpose: Thrombocytopenia has been reported in some children with severe iron deficiency anemia, but the validity of the association and the mechanism of the thrombocytopenia are not well established. Six children with severe iron deficiency and thrombocytopenia are described, and the literature is reviewed.

Patients And Methods: Clinical, hematologic, and morphologic data were collected and analyzed for six patients referred for evaluation of severe microcytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.