Altered Dynamic Network Stability in Remitted Late Life Depression Associated with Depression Recurrence.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with negative outcomes including high rates of recurrence and cognitive decline. However, the neurobiological changes influencing such outcomes in LLD are not well understood. Disequilibrium in large-scale brain networks may contribute to LLD-related cognitive decline.

Exploring the link between National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery performance and everyday functioning in mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: Neuropsychologists routinely use scores on traditional paper-and-pencil tests to assess capacity for independent functioning, with these assessments accounting for a moderate amount (20%-37%) of the variance in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance. The field is shifting toward incorporation of computerized neuropsychological assessments such as the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). There have been no studies examining how the NIHTB-CB relates to IADL performance or whether it better predicts IADL performance compared to traditional methods.

The Relationship Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Objective Cognitive Performance in Older Adults With Treatment-Resistant Late-life Depression: The Role of Depression Severity.

Objectives: Examine the role of depression severity in linking subjective and objective indicators of cognitive decline.

Methods: 354 participants (60+) were drawn from a multicenter longitudinal neuroimaging and neurocognitive study of TRLLD (the "OPTIMUM-NEURO" study). Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was assessed using the everyday cognition scale.

An international multi-cohort investigation of self-reported sleep and future depressive symptoms in older adults.

Poor subjective sleep is associated with future depression in older adults, but there is limited consensus on which sleep features have the strongest associations. Moreover, composite scores incorporating multiple features may better represent sleep burden than individual sleep items. We analyzed older adults (age ≥ 60) without clinically relevant depressive symptoms from a multi-cohort United States sample (US; N = 4826) and the Netherlands' Rotterdam Study (RS; N = 3663), with the goal of identifying individual and composite sleep features that are associated with future clinically relevant depressive symptoms 3-6 years later.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Present Differently in Individuals with Different High-Risk States of Dementia.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in neurocognitive disorders. However, the differences in presentation of NPS in high-risk states for dementia such as mild neurocognitive disorder (Mild NCD) and remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency and factor structure of NPS in Mild NCD, rMDD, and Mild NCD with rMDD (Mild NCD-rMDD).

Brain-cognition relationships and treatment outcome in treatment-resistant late-life depression.

Older adults with treatment-resistant depression are at significant risk for cognitive impairment. The relationship between treatment response and cognitive function in this population is not well-established. We examined neural correlates of executive and memory function, and their relationship with prospective treatment outcomes.

The LATTICE Study: Design of a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial of lithium to delay cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Interest has grown in lithium's neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative illnesses. We discuss the design, rationale, and implementation of a pilot feasibility, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) examining whether lithium can delay cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: The study launched in September 2017.

A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Among Cognition, Mood Symptoms, and Markers of Brain Health in Older Age Bipolar Disorder: Une étude longitudinale de la relation entre la cognition, les symptômes thymiques, et les marqueurs de la santé du cerveau en présence de troubles bipolaires du sujet âgé.

Objectives: An emerging literature has assessed cognition or imaging markers of brain health in in older age bipolar disorder (OABD). In this context, we conducted the first longitudinal study (to our knowledge) that assessed the relationship among cognition, mood symptoms, and imaging markers of brain health in OABD.

Methods: 99 participants with OABD were enrolled, underwent baseline assessment, and were followed annually for up to 3 years.

Sleep trajectories across three cognitive-aging pathways in community older adults.

Introduction: Comparing sleep and rest-activity rhythms across different cognitive aging pathways can identify novel risk factors and potential mechanisms. However, our current understanding is restricted by differences in sleep measurement, limited longitudinal data, and heterogeneous cognitive aging processes.

Methods: We applied cubic splines to longitudinal self-reported sleep and actigraphy data from 1449 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project and quantified differences in the levels and trajectories of sleep amount, regularity, and timing within and between three cognitive aging pathways: normal, stable mild cognitive impairment, dementia.

The Desegregation of Neural Networks During Worry Induction in Late Life: An Effective Connectivity Analysis.

Background: Severe worry is a core component of anxiety and depressive disorders and is independently associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the neural basis of worry is poorly understood. We investigated effective connectivity (EC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging of a naturalistic worry induction and reappraisal task in late life.

White matter hyperintensities and relapse risk in late-life depression.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with late-life depression (LLD) and are considered a hallmark of MRI-defined vascular depression. However, their impact on depression recurrence in LLD is less well known.

Methods: We investigated this relationship using data from a 2-year multi-site, longitudinal study, where baseline WMH volumes were obtained using 3 T FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 145 participants, of which 102 had remitted LLD and 43 were control participants.

Sleep health profiles across six population-based cohorts and recommendations for validating clustering models.

Objectives: Model-based clustering is increasingly used to identify multidimensional sleep health profiles. However, generalizability is rarely assessed because of complexities of data sharing and harmonization. Our goal was to evaluate the generalizability of multidimensional sleep health profiles across older adult populations in Western countries and assess whether they predict depressive symptoms over time.

Sleep timing, sleep timing regularity, and cognitive performance in women entering late adulthood: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Study Objectives: This study examined whether sleep timing and its regularity are associated with cognitive performance in older women and whether associations vary based on cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 1177 community-dwelling females (mean age 65 years) from the observational Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) annual visit 15. Sleep timing (mean midpoint from sleep onset to wake-up) and its regularity (standard deviation of midpoint) were assessed using actigraphy.

Brain and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in remitted and recurrent late-life depression.

In individuals with remitted late-life depression (LLD), stress exposure can increase the likelihood of a new, recurrent depressive episode. Variability in the effect of stress on recurrence risk may reflect underlying brain and physiological processes mediating the stress response. We examined how subjective, physiological, and brain responses to an experimental stressor differs in older adults with and without remitted depression, and how these stress responses relate to future relapse.

Reconsidering remission in recurrent late-life depression: clinical presentation and phenotypic predictors of relapse following successful antidepressant treatment.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by repeated recurrent depressive episodes even with maintenance treatment. It is unclear what clinical and cognitive phenotypic characteristics present during remission predict future recurrence.

Methods: Participants (135 with remitted LLD and 69 comparison subjects across three institutions) completed baseline phenotyping, including psychiatric, medical, and social history, psychiatric symptom and personality trait assessment, and neuropsychological testing.

Everyday functioning as a predictor of cognitive status in a group of community-dwelling, predominantly Black adults.

Introduction: We examined whether the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) and Everyday Cognition Scale-12 (ECog-12) dichotomized cognitive groups in a sample of predominantly Black adults.

Methods: Two hundred forty-six community-dwelling adults (95% Black, age 50+) completed cognitive testing, the PASS, and the ECog. Cognitive groups (probable vs unlikely cognitive impairment) were determined by performance on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination.

The importance of cognitive correlates of plasma amyloid-β 42/40.

This commentary focuses on the clinical utility of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) 42/40 to detect semantic intrusion errors in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, as investigated Curiel Cid et al. in a recent issue of the . This commentary highlights the importance of testing the sensitivity of plasma Aβ to clinical symptoms in the quest to develop a comprehensive definition of AD that incorporates both biological precursors and clinical consequences.

Cortico-limbic volume abnormalities in late life depression are distinct from β amyloid and white matter pathologies.

This study was conducted to clarify patterns of cortico-limbic volume abnormalities in late life depression (LLD) relative to non-depressed (ND) adults matched for amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and to evaluate the relationship of volume abnormalities with cognitive performance. Participants included 116 LLD and 226 ND. Classification accuracy of LLD status was estimated using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve.

Anxiety in late-life depression is associated with poorer performance across multiple cognitive domains.

Objective: Anxiety is a common comorbid feature of late-life depression (LLD) and is associated with poorer global cognitive functioning independent of depression severity. However, little is known about whether comorbid anxiety is associated with a domain-specific pattern of cognitive dysfunction. We therefore examined group differences (LLD with and without comorbid anxiety) in cognitive functioning performance across multiple domains.