Computationally efficient Bayesian inference for semi-parametric joint models of competing risks survival and skewed longitudinal data using integrated nested Laplace approximation.

Background: Joint modeling is widely used in medical research to properly analyze longitudinal biomarkers and survival outcomes simultaneously and to guide appropriate interventions in public health. However, such models become increasingly complex and computationally intensive when accounting for multiple features of these outcomes. The need for computationally efficient methods in joint modeling of competing risks survival outcomes and longitudinal biomarkers is particularly critical in clinical and epidemiological settings, where prompt decision-making is essential.

Optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis for the human melioidosis model.

In this work, we formulated and investigated an optimal control problem of the melioidosis epidemic to explain the effectiveness of time-dependent control functions in controlling the spread of the epidemic. The basic reproduction number with control measures is obtained, using the next-generation matrix approach and the impact of the controls on is illustrated numerically. The optimal control problem is analyzed using Pontryagin's maximum principle to derive the optimality system.

Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey.

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major contributors to death among under-five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are more severely affected by diarrhoea than urban children. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated risk factors of the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia.