CD4 anti-TGF-β CAR T cells and CD8 conventional CAR T cells exhibit synergistic antitumor effects.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 restricts the expansion, survival, and function of CD4 T cells. Here, we demonstrate that CD4 but not CD8 anti-TGF-β CAR T cells (T28zT2 T cells) can suppress tumor growth partly through secreting Granzyme B and interferon (IFN)-γ. TGF-β1-treated CD4 T28zT2 T cells persist well in peripheral blood and tumors, maintain their mitochondrial form and function, and do not cause in vivo toxicity.

Spatiotemporal variability of near-surface CO and its affecting factors over Mongolia.

We investigate the spatiotemporal variability of near-surface CO concentrations in Mongolia from 2010 to 2019 and the factors affecting it over four climate zones of Mongolia based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, including arid desert climate (BWh), arid steppe climate (BSk), dry climate (Dw), and polar frost climate (ET). Initially, we validate the near-surface CO datasets obtained from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) using ground-based CO observations obtained from the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) and found good agreement. The results showed that CO concentrations over Mongolia steadily increased from 389.