Number, depth, and location of inadvertent pancreatic guidewire cannulations and post-ERCP pancreatitis from multicenter real-time intra-procedural data.

Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is common. Although multiple pancreatic duct (PD) cannulations are a known risk factor for PEP, the impact of single cannulations remains controversial. We aimed to identify whether single PD cannulation is associated with PEP.

Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual or recurrent colorectal neoplasia: Meta-analysis.

Background And Study Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a potentially surgery-sparing technique for colorectal neoplasia resection. Outcomes of ESD for residual or recurrent colorectal neoplasia are not well described. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESD in treating residual or recurrent colorectal neoplasia.

Artificial intelligence and chordoma: A scoping review of the current landscape and future directions.

Introduction: Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive tumours that present significant treatment challenges due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies have shown promise in enhancing diagnostic precision, surgical planning, and prognostication in various cancers.

Research Question: What is the current landscape of AI applications in chordoma management, and what are the key limitations and future directions for integrating AI into clinical practice for this rare malignancy?

Materials And Methods: We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley framework.

Subclinical pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is associated with osteopathy in patients with chronic pancreatitis: Implications for management.

Background And Aims: Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) may develop pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) but data regarding subclinical PEI are scarce. Our objective was to detect subclinical PEI in patients with CP and its functional consequences.

Methods: We prospectively included patients with CP from April 2018-December 2021.

Treatment-free Survival After First-line Therapies for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: An International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium Analysis.

Background And Objective: Patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy may experience periods of prolonged disease control without a need for systemic therapy. Treatment-free survival (TFS) is an important measure for this period, but no data are available for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) starting first-line agents. Our aim was to analyze TFS outcomes for patients with mRCC starting first-line therapy.

Brief Report: Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Canada Between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy globally. Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is becoming a growing healthcare focus globally, particularly in North America. We estimated trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for EOCRC in Canada between 1990 and 2019.

Adverse Events Associated With Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related adverse events (AEs) are associated with morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. We aimed to assess incidences and comparisons of ERCP AEs.

Methods: We included studies performed after 2000 reporting on ERCP AEs from database inception through March 12, 2024.

Intra- and post-procedural patient-reported experience measures and their correlation with post-ERCP adverse events and unplanned healthcare utilization.

Background:  Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) adverse events (AEs) are common, as is unplanned healthcare utilization (UHU). We aimed to assess potential etiologic associations between intra-/post-procedural patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and post-ERCP AEs and UHU. METHODS : Prospective data from a multicenter collaborative were used.

Outcomes following reoperative bariatric surgery following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a tertiary care centre.

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most common bariatric surgical procedure worldwide. Approximately 20%-30% of patients present with weight loss failure or reflux following SG, which might require reoperative surgery. We present the surgical outcomes and complications following reoperative bariatric surgery at a tertiary care centre.

Imaging response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced melanoma: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: The association between objective imaging response and first line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy regimes in advanced melanoma remains uncharacterized in routine practice.

Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort analysis of advanced melanoma patients receiving first line ICI therapy from August 2013-May 2020 in Alberta, Canada. The primary outcome was likelihood of RECIST v1.

Subserosal Supernumerary Muscle Layer of the Intestine: A Peculiar Bowel.

The presence of a supernumerary subserosal muscle layer of the bowel is an extremely unusual congenital development. The following is a report of diffuse involvement of the intestine with a supernumerary subserosal muscle coat. The current patient, a 29-year-old male, was evaluated in January 2022 for a long-standing history of subacute intestinal obstruction (SAIO).

neuroGPT-X: toward a clinic-ready large language model.

Objective: The objective was to assess the performance of a context-enriched large language model (LLM) compared with international neurosurgical experts on questions related to the management of vestibular schwannoma. Furthermore, another objective was to develop a chat-based platform incorporating in-text citations, references, and memory to enable accurate, relevant, and reliable information in real time.

Methods: The analysis involved 1) creating a data set through web scraping, 2) developing a chat-based platform called neuroGPT-X, 3) enlisting 8 expert neurosurgeons across international centers to independently create questions (n = 1) and to answer (n = 4) and evaluate responses (n = 3) while blinded, and 4) analyzing the evaluation results on the management of vestibular schwannoma.

Automated Paper Screening for Clinical Reviews Using Large Language Models: Data Analysis Study.

Background: The systematic review of clinical research papers is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process that often involves the screening of thousands of titles and abstracts. The accuracy and efficiency of this process are critical for the quality of the review and subsequent health care decisions. Traditional methods rely heavily on human reviewers, often requiring a significant investment of time and resources.

Outcomes of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) vs One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) in Patients with Super-Super Obesity (BMI ≥ 60 kg/m).

Introduction: The data comparing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in patients with BMI ≥ 60 kg/m is scarce.

Methods: Prospectively collected data of patients with BMI ≥ 60 kg/m undergoing LSG or OAGB from January 2008 until June 2022 was analyzed retrospectively. Weight loss outcomes, impact on comorbidities, and complications were compared in both groups.

Development and validation of a 21-gene prognostic signature in neuroblastoma.

Survival outcomes for patients with neuroblastoma vary markedly and reliable prognostic markers and risk stratification tools are lacking. We sought to identify and validate a transcriptomic signature capable of predicting risk of mortality in patients with neuroblastoma. The TARGET NBL dataset (n = 243) was used to develop the model and two independent cohorts, E-MTAB-179 (n = 478) and GSE85047 (n = 240) were used as validation sets.

Mechanisms and clinical implications in renal carcinoma resistance: narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma. The prognosis for patients with ccRCC has improved over recent years with the use of combination therapies with an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) backbone. This has enhanced the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with this disease.

Treatment-Free Survival After Nivolumab vs Pembrolizumab vs Nivolumab-Ipilimumab for Advanced Melanoma.

Importance: Treatment-free survival (TFS) represents an alternative time-to-event end point, accurately characterizing time spent free of systemic therapy, providing a more patient-centric view of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy regimens. There remains a lack of studies evaluating TFS outcomes among patients with advanced melanoma who are receiving immunotherapy, especially outside of the clinical trial setting.

Objective: To evaluate TFS outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma receiving first-line ICI therapy outside of a clinical trial setting.

Trends in health care spending on kidney cancer in the United States, 1996-2016.

Background: Paradigm shifts in kidney cancer management have led to higher health care spending. Here, total and per capita health care spending and primary drivers of change in health expenditures for kidney cancer in the United States between 1996 and 2016 are estimated.

Methods: Public databases developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation for the Disease Expenditure Project were used.

Expression of risk genes linked to vitamin D receptor super-enhancer regions and their association with phenotype severity in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating neurological condition with a wide range of phenotype variability. A complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease onset and progression in MS patients. Vitamin D deficiency is a known susceptibility factor for MS, however the underlying mechanism of vitamin D-gene interactions in MS etiology is still poorly understood.