Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria: a Promising Mucosal Delivery Vector for Vaccines.

The advent of mucosal vaccines that target the primary entry points of many pathogens has revolutionized the field of immunology. Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria (gmLAB), which include genera such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have emerged as promising vectors for delivering antigens to mucosal surfaces. These gram-positive, non-pathogenic microorganisms exhibit inherent probiotic properties, can survive through the gastrointestinal tract, and efficiently interact with the host immune system.

Extremely Low Doses of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides From Streptococcus thermophilus LacZ Strongly Induce CXCL5 in Macrophages.

Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to livestock production, compromising animal health and reducing economic productivity. To address these challenges, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) have emerged as promising immunomodulators that stimulate the innate immune system through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), offering a potential strategy for enhancing disease resistance in livestock. This study examined MsST, a class B CpG-ODN derived from Streptococcus thermophilus, a representative lactic acid bacterium widely used in yogurt production, and its role in modulating CXCL5 expression in macrophages.

Water pollution, cholera, and the role of probiotics: a comprehensive review in relation to public health in Bangladesh.

Cholera, a disease caused by , remains a pervasive public health threat, particularly in regions with inadequate water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, such as Bangladesh. This review explores the complex interplay between water pollution and cholera transmission in Bangladesh, highlighting how contaminated water bodies serve as reservoirs for . A key focus is the potential role of probiotics as a novel intervention approach for cholera prevention and management.

Stomatal development and genetic expression in L.

Stomata are turgor-driven microscopic epidermal valves of land plants. The controlled opening and closing of the valves are essential for regulating the gas exchange and minimizing the water loss and eventually regulating the internal temperatures. Stomata are also a major site of pathogen/microbe entry and plant defense system.

SARS-CoV-2 molecular identification and clinical data analysis of associated risk factors from a COVID-19 testing laboratory of a coastal region in Bangladesh.

Background And Aim: Outbreak of COVID-19 seems to have exacerbated across the globe, including Bangladesh. Scientific literature on the clinical data record of COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh is inadequate. Our study analyzes the clinical data of COVID-19 positive patients based on molecular identification and risk factor correlated with three variables (age, sex, residence) and COVID-19 prevalence in the four districts of Chattogram Division (Noakhali, Feni, Lakshmipur and Chandpur) with an aim to understand the trajectory of this pandemic in Chattogram, Southern Bangladesh.