Therapeutic potential of COMP and TIMP-3 in preserving cartilage integrity compromised by proteases: A histo-mechanical study.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) significantly impact articular cartilage biomechanical properties in osteoarthritis (OA). However, comprehensive understanding of biomechanical responses and the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions remains limited. This study investigates how MMPs and ADAMTS synergistically degenerate cartilage biomechanical properties under different loading conditions, and evaluates the preventive role of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3).

The PKM2 activator TEPP-46 suppresses cellular senescence in hydrogen peroxide-induced proximal tubular cells and kidney fibrosis in CD-1 mice.

Aim/introduction: Senescence is a key driver of age-related kidney dysfunction, including diabetic kidney disease. Oxidative stress activates cellular senescence, induces abnormal glycolysis, and is associated with pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) dysfunction; however, the mechanisms linking PK activation to cellular senescence have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that PKM2 activation by TEPP-46 could suppress oxidative stress-induced renal tubular cell injury and cellular senescence.

Black silicon spacing effect on bactericidal efficacy against gram-positive bacteria.

The morphology of regular and uniform arrays of black silicon structures was evaluated for bactericidal efficacy against gram-positive, non-motile(). In this study, uniform and regular arrays of black silicon structures were fabricated using nanosphere lithography and deep reactive ion etching. The effects of nanomorphology on bacterial killing were systematically evaluated using silicon nanostructures with pitches ranging from 300 to 1400 nm pitch on spherical cocci approximately 500 to 1000 nm in diameter.

Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling through increased rewetting on nanopillar array surfaces.

Boiling is a key heat transfer process for a variety of power generation and thermal management technologies. We show that nanopillar arrays fabricated on a substrate enhance both the critical heat flux (CHF) and the critical temperature at CHF of the substrate and thus, effectively increase the limit of boiling before the boiling crisis is triggered. We reveal that the enhancement in both the CHF and the critical temperature results from an intensified rewetting process which increases with the height of nanopillars.

Comparative study of absorption in tilted silicon nanowire arrays for photovoltaics.

Silicon nanowire arrays have been shown to demonstrate light trapping properties and promising potential for next-generation photovoltaics. In this paper, we show that the absorption enhancement in vertical nanowire arrays on a perfectly electric conductor can be further improved through tilting. Vertical nanowire arrays have a 66.