Generalizable Prediction of Alzheimer Disease Pathologies with a Scalable Annotation Tool and an High-Accuracy Model.

Characterizing the cardinal neuropathologies in Alzheimer disease (AD) can be laborious, time consuming, and susceptible to intra- and inter-observer variability. The lack of high throughput unbiased approaches to reliably assess neuropathology hampers efforts to use pathology as a means to link clinical features of AD to molecular pathogenesis in the ever-growing datasets of persons with AD. To remove this roadblock, we designed an annotation tool in addition to a computational pipeline to analyze digital microscopic images of postmortem tissue from persons with AD in a fully automated and unbiased manner in only a fraction of the time taken with conventional approaches and allows neuropathological analyses and lesion quantification at multiple scales.

Artificial intelligence-derived neurofibrillary tangle burden is associated with antemortem cognitive impairment.

Tauopathies are a category of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of abnormal tau protein-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). NFTs are universally observed in aging, occurring with or without the concomitant accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in plaques that typifies Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common tauopathy. Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is an Aβ-independent process that affects the medial temporal lobe in both cognitively normal and impaired subjects.

Antemortem detection of Parkinson's disease pathology in peripheral biopsies using artificial intelligence.

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging at all stages due to variable symptomatology, comorbidities, and mimicking conditions. Postmortem assessment remains the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis. While it is well recognized that PD manifests pathologically in the central nervous system with aggregation of α-synuclein as Lewy bodies and neurites, similar Lewy-type synucleinopathy (LTS) is additionally found in the peripheral nervous system that may be useful as an antemortem biomarker.

Artificial intelligence in neuropathology: deep learning-based assessment of tauopathy.

Accumulation of abnormal tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) occurs in Alzheimer disease (AD) and a spectrum of tauopathies. These tauopathies have diverse and overlapping morphological phenotypes that obscure classification and quantitative assessments. Recently, powerful machine learning-based approaches have emerged, allowing the recognition and quantification of pathological changes from digital images.

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in healthy adult bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). New echocardiographic indices in Old World monkeys.

Objectives: Macaques are used in cardiovascular and metabolic research. We determined echocardiographic-derived reference values of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in healthy adult bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata).

Methods: Transthoracic echocardiography was performed during ketamine sedation in 83 (67% female) healthy monkeys (age 7-26 years).

Energy expenditure in chow-fed female non-human primates of various weights.

Background: Until now no technology has been available to study energy metabolism in monkeys. The objective of this study was to determine daily energy expenditures (EE) and respiratory quotients (RQ) in female monkeys of various body weights and ages.

Methods: 16 socially reared Bonnet Macaque female monkeys [5.

Role of alternatively spliced tissue factor in pancreatic cancer growth and angiogenesis.

Increased tissue factor (TF) expression is observed in many types of cancer, associated with more aggressive disease, and in thrombosis. The mechanism by which TF promotes tumor growth remains unclear. Anticoagulation has been shown to result in a trend toward improved survival; no direct antitumor effect has been shown in cancer patients.

Alternatively spliced human tissue factor promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a pancreatic cancer tumor model.

Introduction: Tissue Factor (TF) expression is observed in many types of cancer, associated with more aggressive disease, and thrombosis. Alternatively-spliced human tissue factor (asHTF) has recently been identified in which exon 5 is deleted. asHTF is soluble due to the substitution of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of exon 6 with a unique COOH-terminal domain.

Heat shock protein 27 increases after androgen ablation and plays a cytoprotective role in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a chaperone implicated as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in prostate cancer. Our aim was to characterize changes in Hsp27 after androgen withdrawal and during androgen-independent progression in prostate xenografts and human prostate cancer to assess the functional significance of these changes using antisense inhibition of Hsp27. A tissue microarray was used to measure changes in Hsp27 protein expression in 232 specimens from hormone naive and posthormone-treated cancers.