Elucidating design principles for Ribozyme-Enabled Tissue Specificity (RETS) to allow precise expression without specialized promoters.

Tissue- or cell type- specific expression of transgenes is often essential for interrogation of biological phenomenon or predictable engineering of multicellular organisms but can be stymied by cryptic enhancers that make identification of promoters that generate desired expression profiles challenging. In plants the months-to-years long timeline associated with prototyping putative tissue-specific promoters in transgenic lines deepens this challenge. We have developed a novel strategy called (RETS) that leverages the knowledge of where and when genes are expressed derived from transcriptomic studies to enable tissue specific expression without needing characterized promoters.

StPIP1, a PAMP-induced peptide in potato, elicits plant defenses and is associated with disease symptom severity in a compatible interaction with Potato virus Y.

The role of small secreted peptides in plant defense responses to viruses has seldom been investigated. Here, we report a role for potato (Solanum tuberosum) PIP1, a gene predicted to encode a member of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced peptide (PIP) family, in the response of potato to Potato virus Y (PVY) infection. We show that exogenous application of synthetic StPIP1 to potato leaves and nodes increased the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of plant defense-related genes, revealing that StPIP1 triggers early defense responses.