Fulminant Myocarditis Presenting With Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation During BRAF/MEK Inhibitor Therapy.

Background: Myocarditis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy. Early detection through vigilant monitoring is crucial.

Case Summary: A 35-year-old woman with stage IIIB melanoma treated with adjuvant trametinib and dabrafenib suffered a cardiac arrest due to refractory ventricular fibrillation.

Diagnostic challenges in pulmonary lymphomatous spread mimicking ARDS in an AIDS patient: a case report.

Background: Immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with AIDS, are at increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative tumours and opportunistic infections. Radiologic findings alone may not always distinguish between these entities.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with rapidly worsening dyspnoea and clinical signs suggestive of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

The Diagnostic Role of TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA XII and TRPS1 in Serous Effusions.

Objective: To analyse the diagnostic role of trefoil factor-1 and -3 (TFF1, TFF3), forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) in serous effusions. The prognostic role of these markers in breast carcinoma was additionally studied.

Methods: Protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analysed in 247 effusions, consisting of 60 breast carcinomas, 54 tubo-ovarian carcinomas, 47 mesotheliomas, 44 lung carcinomas, 20 uterine corpus and cervical carcinomas, 17 gastrointestinal carcinomas and 5 cancers of other origin.

Anti-miRNA therapeutics for uterine fibroids.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas arise from altered uterine smooth muscle cell proliferation in the myometrium. Available treatments are limited and fraught with major side effects. Here, we leveraged data from a high-throughput screening using human microRNA mimics and selected miR-148a-3p as a therapeutic target.

De Novo Pathogenic Variant Associated with Lethal Encephalocardiomyopathy-Case Report and Literature Review.

Pathogenic variants in , encoding dynamin-like protein-1 (DRP1), cause a lethal encephalopathy. DRP1 defective function results in altered mitochondrial networks, characterized by elongated/spaghetti-like, highly interconnected mitochondria. We validated in yeast the pathogenicity of a de novo variant identified by whole exome sequencing performed more than 10 years after the patient's death.

Diagnostic Agreement in Whole Slide Digital Images of Cervical Cytology and Cell Blocks.

Background: Cell blocks (CB) are an established technique in non-gynecological cytology, but experience in gynecological cytology is still relatively limited. In this study, we compared the diagnostic agreement between liquid-based cytology (LBC) and CB using whole slide digital imaging (WSI).

Methods: WSI of 82 specimens (41 LBC and 41 CB) were evaluated independently by three observers.

Lung damage in SARS-CoV-2 patients: An autopsy study in the era of vaccination.

Aims: The contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection on lung damage and the effect of vaccination on either containing the number of deaths or mitigating lung damage has not been systematically investigated.

Methods: Post-mortem analysis was performed among consecutive in-patients with COVID-19 deceased in the Province of Trieste (2020-2022). The outcomes of the study were (i) rates of in-hospital mortality, (ii) contribution of COVID-19 to death, (iii) histological extent of lung injury and (iv) impact of vaccination.

CD99 Expression and Prognostic Impact in Glioblastoma: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor in adults. This study aims to evaluate the expression and prognostic impact of CD99, a membrane glycoprotein involved in cellular migration and invasion. In a cohort of patients with glioblastoma treated with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide, we retrospectively analyzed tumor expression of CD99 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for both the wild type (CD99wt) and the truncated (CD99sh) isoforms.

Filamin C (FLNC) truncating mutation in a fatal arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy (ALVC).

Forensic pathologists are frequently asked to investigate cases of sudden death (SD), and identifying the cause of death can be of particular importance, especially where it may be necessary to perform family screening among the relatives of the victim. A multidisciplinary approach inclusive of genetic analysis is therefore strongly recommended. According to forensic practice, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a well-known cause of SD.

EMID2 is a novel biotherapeutic for aggressive cancers identified by in vivo screening.

Background: New drugs to tackle the next pathway or mutation fueling cancer are constantly proposed, but 97% of them are doomed to fail in clinical trials, largely because they are identified by cellular or in silico screens that cannot predict their in vivo effect.

Methods: We screened an Adeno-Associated Vector secretome library (> 1000 clones) directly in vivo in a mouse model of cancer and validated the therapeutic effect of the first hit, EMID2, in both orthotopic and genetic models of lung and pancreatic cancer.

Results: EMID2 overexpression inhibited both tumor growth and metastatic dissemination, consistent with prolonged survival of patients with high levels of EMID2 expression in the most aggressive human cancers.

Enterococcal meningitis associated with infection: a case report and literature review.

is an intestinal nematode endemic throughout tropical and subtropical areas, with a life cycle consisting of free-living and parasitic components. Unlike other soil-transmitted nematodes, it is capable of self-infection, which can cause chronic disease that lasts for decades, or cause overwhelming hyperinfection in people taking corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs or who have impaired Th2 cell-mediated immunity, particularly those infected with human T-lymphotropic virus 1. During hyperinfection, a large numbers of larvae have access to the bloodstream, lungs, central nervous system, and other organs.

Analysis of PD-L1 and CD3 Expression in Glioblastoma Patients and Correlation with Outcome: A Single Center Report.

With the advent of immunotherapies, the field of cancer therapy has been revived with new hope, especially for cancers with dismal prognoses, such as the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Currently, immunotherapies should potentiate the host's own antitumor immune response against cancer cells, but it has been documented that they are effective only in small subsets of patients. Therefore, accurate predictors of response are urgently needed to identify who will benefit from immune-modulatory therapies.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome following a dog bite in an asplenic patient: case report and review of the literature.

The Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome represents a critical condition characterized by a septic shock associated with a disseminated intravascular coagulation causing the plugging of the microvascular network virtually all organs and systems, including the skin, the kidneys, the liver, and adrenal glands; the mortality rate is elevated, and survivors often must undergo multiple limb amputations. Here, we describe the uncommon case of an asplenic patient who developed this syndrome after a superficial wound caused by a dog bite causing an initial infection due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus that is part of the normal oral microbiome of pets. The clinical and pathological findings and the current and future therapeutic options are reviewed and discussed.

Inter- and intraobserver agreement in whole-slide digital ThinPrep samples of low-grade squamous lesions of the cervix uteri with known high-risk HPV status: A multicentric international study.

Background: High-risk human papilloma virus (HR HPV) testing and liquid-based cytology are used for primary cervical screening. Digital cytology, based on whole-slide scanned samples, is a promising technique for teaching and diagnostic purposes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver variation in low-grade squamous lesions, HR HPV status bias, and the use of whole-slide scanned digital cervical cytology slides.

Correction: Elevated levels of eEF1A2 protein expression in triple negative breast cancer relate with poor prognosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Elevated levels of eEF1A2 protein expression in triple negative breast cancer relate with poor prognosis.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2) is a translation factor selectively expressed by heart, skeletal muscle, nervous system and some specialized cells. Its ectopic expression relates with tumorigenesis in several types of human cancer. No data are available about the role of eEF1A2 in Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC).

The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology.

The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) gathered together a group of cytopathologists expert in breast cytology who, working with clinicians expert in breast diagnostics and management, have developed the IAC Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Cytology. The project was initiated with the first cytopathology group meeting in Yokohama at the 2016 International Congress of Cytology. This IAC Yokohama System defines five categories for reporting breast cytology, each with a clear descriptive term for the category, a definition, a risk of malignancy (ROM) and a suggested management algorithm.

Brown Bowel Syndrome in a Middle-Aged Woman with Chronic Idiopathic Malabsorption.

Brown bowel syndrome (BBS) is an extremely unusual condition characterized by an orange-brown discoloration of the bowel and intestinal motility disorders secondary to fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and malabsorption from many different causes. We present the case of a middle-aged woman suffering for years of chronic constipation with recurrent intestinal subocclusion, who was diagnosed BBS on surgical biopsy material. Nutritional supplementary treatment was tried, but her symptoms did not improve, and a decision was finally made in favor of a surgical approach.

A replication-incompetent CD154/40L recombinant vaccinia virus induces direct and macrophage-mediated antitumor effects and .

CD40 triggering may result in antitumor effects of potentially high clinical relevance. To gain insights important for patient selection and to identify adequate targeting techniques, we investigated CD40 expression in human cancer tissues and generated a replication-incompetent recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CD40 ligand (rVV40L). Its effects were explored and upon direct CD40 targeting on malignant cells or macrophage activation.

Toward Improving Breast Cancer Imaging: Radiological Assessment of Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast CT Technology.

Rationale And Objectives: This study employs clinical/radiological evaluation in establishing the optimum imaging conditions for breast cancer imaging using the X-ray propagation-based phase-contrast tomography.

Materials And Methods: Two series of experiments were conducted and in total 161 synchrotron-based computed tomography (CT) reconstructions of one breast mastectomy specimen were produced at different imaging conditions. Imaging factors include sample-to-detector distance, X-ray energy, CT reconstruction method, phase retrieval algorithm applied to the CT projection images and maximum intensity projection.

Unexpected Liver Embryonal Sarcoma in the Adult: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a malignancy with poor prognosis observed more frequently in children between 6 and 10 years old and very rarely found in adults. We present a case of embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a 60-year-old woman without significant medical history who presented to our attention with constitutional symptoms. Preoperative assessments did not show alterations in blood chemistry or tumor markers.

The diagnostic role of BAP1 in serous effusions.

The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic role of BAP1 in effusion cytology. Effusions (n = 258), consisting of 53 malignant mesotheliomas and 205 other cancers, the majority carcinomas (62 breast, 60 ovarian, 31 lung, 51 carcinomas of other origin, 1 melanoma), were analyzed for BAP1 expression using immunohistochemistry. BAP1 was lost in 46 (87%) mesotheliomas compared with 4 (2%) of 205 other cancers (P < .