Air-Assisted Dome Drainage in Acute Corneal Hydrops: A 3D-OCT-Guided Approach.

To describe a technique for managing acute corneal hydrops in eyes with keratoconus using dome stromal drainage with intracameral air injection under real-time three-dimensional (3D) microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance. We describe a retrospective case series of six eyes from six patients with keratoconus who developed acute corneal hydrops. All eyes underwent intracameral air injection with controlled dome puncture for stromal fluid drainage, without the use of sutures.

Non-Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (nDSAEK) for Late Endothelial Failure After Mushroom Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of Visual and Anatomical Outcomes.

: Mushroom penetrating keratoplasty (MPK) is an alternative to traditional penetrating keratoplasty (PK) that offers improved graft survival and reduced immunological rejection. However, MPK grafts may still experience endothelial failure over time. This study evaluates the outcomes of non-Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (nDSAEK) as a surgical approach for endothelial decompensation following MPK.

Hyperreflective Foci in the Ectopic Inner Foveal Layer of Advanced Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes.

Purpose: To investigate the presence of hyperreflective foci (HF) in the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) of eyes with advanced idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) before and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with ERM peeling.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical records and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans from consecutive patients who underwent PPV with ERM peeling. Stage 3 and stage 4 iERMs were included.

A Pilot Case Series on the Use of a Large Mushroom-Shaped Corneal Graft for the Surgical Management of Post-Penetrating Keratoplasty Ectasia and Endothelial Failure.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surgical technique for managing post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK) ectasia complicated by late endothelial failure (LEF). : A single-center pilot case series was conducted regarding consecutive patients affected by post-PK ectasia with late graft failure. Using a microkeratome, a single donor cornea was dissected to prepare a two-piece graft, comprising a larger anterior lamella made up of anterior stroma and a smaller posterior lamella made up of posterior stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium.

Thirteen year experience of vitrectomy and air tamponade for primary retinal detachment repair with clinical outcomes.

Purpose: To report outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and investigate the impact of vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) on surgical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of 900 patients treated for uncomplicated primary RRD between 2007 and 2020. Exclusion criteria included axial length > 26 mm, prior retinal surgery, giant retinal tear, PVR grade > B, and inadequate follow-up.

Novel Diagnosis and Therapeutics Approaches in Retina Diseases.

We have warmly welcomed the opportunity to propose the Special Issue titled "Novel Diagnosis and Therapeutics Approaches in Retina Diseases", and numerous authors have decided to submit their works to it [...

Fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling with inverted flap technique versus standard internal limiting membrane peeling for symptomatic myopic foveoschisis.

To study the long-term outcomes of standard ILM peeling and fovea sparing with inverted flap (FSIF) peeling for symptomatic myopic foveoschisis (MF). This retrospective observational study included 36 eyes of 34 consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy with standard ILM peeling and FSIF peeling for MF between April 2012 and march 2020. The primary outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) at 1 month and final visit and postoperative development of macular hole.

Use of Heavy Silicon Oil as Intraocular Tamponade for Inferior Retinal Detachment Complicated by Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Multicentric Experience.

Introduction: This is a multicentric study on the use of heavy silicon oil (HSO) as an intraocular tamponade for inferior retinal detachment (RD) complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: 139 eyes treated for RD with PVR were included in the study. 10 (7.

Intravitreal Brolucizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Vitrectomized Eye.

The efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF may be reduced in vitrectomized eyes due to accelerated drug clearance. Given its longer durability, brolucizumab may represent a suitable therapeutic option. However, its efficacy in vitrectomized eyes remains to be explored.

The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions.

Pigs are becoming an important pre-clinical animal species for translational ophthalmology, due to similarities with humans in anatomical and physiological patterns. Different models of eye disorders have been proposed, and they are good candidates to assess biocompatibility/functionality of retinal prostheses. Electroretinography is a common tool allowing to gain information on retinal function, with several types of electroretinogram (ERG) been implemented including full field (ff-ERG), multifocal (mf-ERG) and pattern (p-ERG).

Temporal variation of optical coherence tomography biomarkers as predictors of anti-VEGF treatment outcomes in diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To report a longitudinal analysis of specific optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with anti-VEGF.

Methods: A total of 133 eyes of 103 consecutive patients with center-involving DME were included in the study. The eyes were treated between August 2008 and April 2019 with three monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, either with or without prompt or deferred laser, followed by pro re nata (PRN) re-treatment.

Microstructural Macular Changes after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe foveal microstructural changes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: External limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, cystoid macular edema (CME), and subretinal fluid bleb (SB) development were analyzed using optical coherence tomography in 59 eyes over a 6-month follow-up period after PPV surgery for RRD. Eyes were grouped as macula-on (n = 30) or macula-off (n = 29), and the association between ELM and EZ recovery and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was investigated.

The prevalence of vitreomacular adhesion in eyes with macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion selected for intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) in consecutive naïve eyes diagnosed with macular oedema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to longitudinally evaluate the incidence of vitreomacular interface changes over time and the influence on response to treatment.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal cohort study conducted at two Italian tertiary referral centres.

Methods: A total of 295 eyes, treated with intravitreal ranibizumab and/or dexamethasone for ME secondary to RVO between June 2008 and May 2018, were enrolled in the study.

Retrobulbar triamcinolone for inflammatory choroidal neovascularization in pregnancy.

Background: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in pregnancy has rarely been described. A differential diagnosis between inflammatory, idiopathic, and myopic CNV may be challenging. Moreover, there is no consensus on management, and therapeutic options may be further limited by patient and physician concerns about potential risk to the fetus.

Biocompatibility of a Conjugated Polymer Retinal Prosthesis in the Domestic Pig.

The progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors is one of the most significant causes of blindness in humans. Conjugated polymers represent an attractive solution to the field of retinal prostheses, and a multi-layer fully organic prosthesis implanted subretinally in dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats was able to rescue visual functions. As a step toward human translation, we report here the fabrication and testing of a similar device engineered to adapt to the human-like size of the eye of the domestic pig, an excellent animal paradigm to test therapeutic strategies for photoreceptors degeneration.

Subretinally injected semiconducting polymer nanoparticles rescue vision in a rat model of retinal dystrophy.

Inherited retinal dystrophies and late-stage age-related macular degeneration, for which treatments remain limited, are among the most prevalent causes of legal blindness. Retinal prostheses have been developed to stimulate the inner retinal network; however, lack of sensitivity and resolution, and the need for wiring or external cameras, have limited their application. Here we show that conjugated polymer nanoparticles (P3HT NPs) mediate light-evoked stimulation of retinal neurons and persistently rescue visual functions when subretinally injected in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Scleral thinning surgery for bullous retinal detachment with retinal pigment epithelial tear in central serous chorioretinopathy: a case report.

Background: Bullous serous retinal detachment (RD) with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear is a rare and severe variant of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Due to its atypical presentation, it may raise diagnostic issues, leading to inappropriate therapeutic procedures. The optimum treatment for this CSC variant is still uncertain.

Intravitreal Injections for Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion: Long-Term Functional and Anatomic Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the long-term visual and anatomic outcomes of intravitreal injections for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a real-life clinical setting.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: A total of 223 consecutive eyes with ME secondary to RVO, treated with the first three intravitreal Ranibizumab or dexamethasone injections between August 2008 and September 2018, were enrolled in the study.

The porcine iodoacetic acid model of retinal degeneration: Morpho-functional characterization of the visual system.

Porcine models of ophthalmological diseases are often used in pre-clinical translational studies due to pigs' similarities to humans. In particular, the iodoacetic acid (IAA) model of photoreceptor degeneration seems to mimic well the endstage phenotype of human pathologies as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, with high potential for prosthesis/retinal devices testing. IAA is capable of inducing photoreceptor death by blockage of glycolysis, and its effects on the retina have been described.