Comparison of bonding failure rates of mandibular retainers after 2 enamel preparations - sandblasting vs pumicing: An 18-month randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Several protocols have been suggested in the literature to bond fixed retainers without a clear emerging consensus. This study aimed to compare, over 18 months, the bonding failure rate of mandibular canine-to-canine Zachrisson-type retainer after either sandblasting or pumicing the enamel surface before bonding.

Methods: Ethical approval was obtained.

Aesthetical and Functional Rehabilitation for an Ankylosed Maxillary Canine-A Case Report.

As the functional and aesthetical importance of the canine cannot be overstated, the management of a missing canine is challenging. This case report describes the treatment of an infra-occluded ankylosed maxillary canine in a patient with previously failed orthodontic treatment. A 20-year-old patient sought a second opinion for orthodontic treatment failure.