Relevance of neurocognition in chronic pain syndrome: a systematic and methodical approach.

Introduction: Subjective and objective deficits in neurocognitive domains are well-documented in patients with chronic pain. However, neurocognitive deficits have not been investigated consistently. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of self-rated and objectively assessed cognitive differences between patients with chronic pain (CP) and healthy controls (HC).

Movement initiation and preparation in subjects with schizophrenia - The amplitude of the readiness potential as a biological marker for negative symptom severity.

Objective: Despite extensive research, the etiology of negative symptoms is not well understood. Preliminary findings are linking motor disturbances to negative symptom severity. We aimed to further the understanding to what extent motor movement preparation influences negative symptom severity.

Exercise elevates serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in partially remitted depression.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). In MDD, serum BDNF levels are attenuated. Healthy adults show BDNF elevation after exercise.

Feigning Adult ADHD on a Comprehensive Neuropsychological Test Battery: An Analogue Study.

The evaluation of performance validity is an essential part of any neuropsychological evaluation. Validity indicators embedded in routine neuropsychological tests offer a time-efficient option for sampling performance validity throughout the assessment while reducing vulnerability to coaching. By administering a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery to 57 adults with ADHD, 60 neurotypical controls, and 151 instructed simulators, we examined each test's utility in detecting noncredible performance.

Stability of Attention Performance of Adults with ADHD over Time: Evidence from Repeated Neuropsychological Assessments in One-Month Intervals.

Neuropsychological assessments of attention are valuable sources of information in the clinical evaluation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear whether the attention performance of adults with ADHD is stable or fluctuates over time, which is of great importance in the interpretation of clinical assessments. This study aimed to explore the stability of attention performance of adults with ADHD in repeated assessments at one-month intervals.

[Balance Evaluation Systems Test: German translation, cultural adaptation and preliminary results on psychometric properties].

Background: The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) evaluates balance ability and identifies affected systems associated with balance deficits.

Objective: The primary objective was the translation and cultural adaptation of the BESTest into German. Secondary objective was the preliminary evaluation of psychometric properties of the BESTest.

Basic and complex cognitive functions in Adult ADHD.

Background: Many clinical studies reported deficits in basic and complex cognitive functions in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the extent in which deficits in basic functions (i.e.

Early and middle latency auditory event-related potentials do not explain differences in neuropsychological performance between schizophrenia spectrum patients and matched healthy controls.

Abnormalities of early and middle latency auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) are widespread in schizophrenia and have been suggested to be associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. In this cross-sectional study with schizophrenia patients (n=30) and psychiatrically healthy counterparts (n=31) (matched for age, sex, education), we investigated whether auditory information processing (measured via amplitudes and gating of the auditory ERPs P50, N100 and P200) correlates with neuropsychological performance across cognitive domains. The groups differed significantly in amplitudes and gating of N100 and P200 potentials as well as in neuropsychological performance, but not in P50 amplitude and gating.

Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Cognitive impairments are a frequent and difficult to treat symptom in patients with schizophrenia and the strongest predictor for a successful reintegration in occupational and everyday life. Recent research suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognition in this patient group. However, the question regarding its acute effectiveness on executive functions remains largely unanswered.

Metacognition, psychopathology and daily functioning in adult ADHD.

Objective: Previous research indicated that adults with ADHD may have deficits in metacognition, yet the evidence base is scarce. This study aims to explore the existence and nature of metacognitive deficits in adults with ADHD, how psychopathology (such as inattention and depression) may affect metacognition and whether metacognition may impact daily functioning in adults with ADHD.

Method: Forty-six adult patients with ADHD and 46 controls completed questionnaires for metacognition, psychopathology and daily functioning (subjective assessment; self- and informant report).

Subjective cognitive and neurocognitive functions over the course of CBT.

The aim of the study was to investigate changes in both subjectively and objectively measured cognitive functions as well as their discrepancy in outpatients with major depression disorder in the course of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). A neuropsychological test battery with cognitive tests measuring the domains of attention, memory, and executive functions as well as a questionnaire for the self-assessment of cognitive functions (FLei) in these domains were administered to depressed outpatients (n = 46) at the beginning of CBT, post-treatment after on average 40 sessions, as well as six months after the end of treatment. We found that subjectively as well as objectively measured cognitive functions did not change.

Non-credible symptom report in the clinical evaluation of adult ADHD: development and initial validation of a new validity index embedded in the Conners' adult ADHD rating scales.

As attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a feasible target for individuals aiming to procure stimulant medication or accommodations, there is a high clinical need for accurate assessment of adult ADHD. Proven falsifiability of commonly used diagnostic instruments is therefore of concern. The present study aimed to develop a new, ADHD-specific infrequency index to aid the detection of non-credible self-report.

[Cognitive impairments in patients with depression].

Cognitive impairments are frequent in patients suffering from major depressive disorders. They are among the first symptoms, often persist independently of improvement even after remission of the affective symptoms and are an important predictor of psychosocial functioning. In the clinical practice it is mandatory to ask about subjective complaints of the patient as well as to assess the cognitive abilities with the help of a standardized neuropsychological test battery.

Visual N80 latency as a marker of neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia: Evidence for bottom-up cognitive models.

Objective: Cognitive deficits and visual impairment in the magnocellular (M) pathway, have been independently reported in schizophrenia. The current study examined the association between neuropsychological (NPS) performance and visual evoked potentials (VEPs: N80/P1 to M- and P(parvocellular)-biased visual stimuli) in schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Methods: NPS performance and VEPs were measured in n = 44 patients and n = 34 matched controls.

Right parietotemporal activity predicts sense of agency under uncertain delays of sensory outcomes.

Sense of agency is the experience of control over one's own action and its consequent outcomes. The perceived time between a motor action and its consequent sensory outcomes (e.g.

Longitudinal Changes of Cognitive Deficits and Treatment Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression.

The current study examined neuropsychological changes over the course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in outpatients with major depressive disorder and the influence of cognitive deficits as predictors of clinical outcome in depression. A neuropsychological test battery was carried out on depressed outpatients (N = 54) at the beginning and at the end of CBT. Small improvements were found in divided attention, figural memory, and processing speed from pre- to posttreatment.

ADHD at the workplace: ADHD symptoms, diagnostic status, and work-related functioning.

Adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly experience impairments in multiple domains of daily living. Work has a central role in daily life and is susceptible to ADHD due to its cognitive demands. The present study seeks to examine the nature of work-related problems and impairments of adults with ADHD, and explores the association to ADHD symptoms and neuropsychological test performance.

Metacognition in adult ADHD: subjective and objective perspectives on self-awareness of cognitive functioning.

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is associated with marked cognitive impairment, research on metacognition in adult ADHD is scarce. Deficits in metacognition may have a negative impact on treatment adherence, functional outcomes, and everyday life. This study explores metacognition, specifically self-awareness of cognitive performance, in adults with ADHD by combining objective and subjective assessments.

Public perceptions of adult ADHD: Indications of stigma?

Stigmatization represents a major barrier to treatment seeking across mental disorders. Despite this, stigma research on individual mental disorders remains in its infancy. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults also represents an under-researched area-being far less studied than its child counterpart.

Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: Efficacy of an Individualized . Generic Exercise Plan.

Computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) is an economical, adjustable, and effective treatment for individuals with schizophrenia. The current randomized controlled study examined whether an individualized or generic exercise plan in CACR is superior in patients with multiple cognitive deficits compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Fifty-nine inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 1) TAU, 2) TAU plus an individualized exercise plan in CACR, or 3) TAU plus a generic exercise plan in CACR.

Cognitive remediation therapy for partially remitted unipolar depression: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is an urgent need for the development and evaluation of targeted interventions for cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with (partially) remitted major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the effect of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) on cognitive and psychosocial functioning in a sample of patients with MDD, taking into account comorbidity, psychopathology, remission status and CI profile. Furthermore, we compared a generalized training (GT) with an individualized training (IT) approach regarding their effects on cognition.