Differences in influenza vaccination coverage by race and ethnicity across age groups in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, 2017-18 through 2022-23 influenza seasons.

Influenza vaccination coverage assessments by race and ethnicity can identify populations less protected from influenza morbidity and mortality and help focus vaccination efforts. Across eight Vaccine Safety Datalink health systems, we identified influenza vaccines administered from August 1 through March 31 each season from 2017 to 18 through 2022-23 using electronic health records linked to immunization registries. We calculated crude vaccination coverage for each season among people in five age groups (6 months-8 years, 9-17, 18-49, 50-64, and ≥ 65 years) by self-reported race and ethnicity.

Regional Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childhood Obesity Prevalence, Denver, Colorado, 2019-2022.

During the early COVID-19 pandemic, many US youths experience rapid excess weight gain and increase in BMI and obesity prevalence. We leveraged longitudinal electronic health records from three health care organizations in metropolitan Denver, Colorado, to assess COVID-19 pandemic effects on BMI and obesity prevalence. Using a retrospective cohort of 55,429 children aged 2-19 years, each with ≥3 BMI measurements during 2019-2022, we used mixed-effects regression models to estimate rates of change in BMI and obesity prevalence during prepandemic, early pandemic (March-December 2020), and two later pandemic periods (2021, 2022).

Late initiation of pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccinations.

Introduction: For children who initiate a vaccine series late, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a catch-up schedule to guide providers in achieving full vaccination. Typically, the routine and catch-up schedules recommend the same number of doses for series completion. However, children starting pneumococcal (PCV) or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination at or after 7 months often require fewer doses than earlier initiators.

Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Coverage in the Vaccine Safety Datalink: 2023-2024.

Background And Objectives: In 2023, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended either Abrysvo, a vaccine administered during pregnancy, or nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody administered to infants after birth, to protect infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Our objective was to assess the proportion of infants immunized against RSV through antenatal RSV vaccination or receipt of nirsevimab among linked pregnancy-infant dyads.

Methods: Using data from 10 Vaccine Safety Datalink health systems and a validated algorithm, we identified pregnant women aged 12 to 55 years with a live birth of 32 weeks' gestation or more from September 22, 2023, through March 31, 2024.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination and Spontaneous Abortion.

Objective: To examine the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and spontaneous abortion.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of clinically adjudicated spontaneous abortions (case group) occurring between January 19, 2021, and October 27, 2021, and live births (control group). Patients aged 16-49 years at eight Vaccine Safety Datalink sites who had singleton pregnancies, one or more prenatal visits, continuous health plan enrollment, and spontaneous abortion (fetal loss between 6 and less than 20 weeks of gestation) or live birth were eligible.

Attitudes and beliefs regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 Omicron booster vaccine among adults in the vaccine safety datalink, 2022-2023.

COVID-19 vaccination rates are decreasing despite vaccination being the most effective tool against severe disease from COVID-19. From October 1, 2022, to February 1, 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study among adults in the Vaccine Safety Datalink about attitudes and beliefs regarding bivalent COVID-19 Omicron booster vaccine (hereafter referred to as COVID-19 bivalent vaccine) stratifying by vaccination status and race and ethnicity. Analysis was weighted for response and selection bias.

COVID-19 and Completion of Select Routine Childhood Vaccinations.

Objectives: To evaluate rotavirus (RV), diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) vaccine coverage and factors associated with vaccine uptake from 2018 through 2023.

Methods: We included infants born between January 1, 2018 and May 31, 2023, with a minimum of 9 months of enrollment in the first 12 months of life and at least 1 medical visit between 9 and 12 months at 1 of 8 Vaccine Safety Datalink health systems. We evaluated coverage with 2 doses of RV, DTaP, and PCV vaccines at 5 months and completion of recommended doses by 12 months.

Strengths and limitations of non-survey-based data sources for assessing adult vaccination coverage in the United States.

Introduction: Non-survey-based data sources (e.g. electronic health records, administrative claims) have been used to estimate vaccination coverage among US adults.

Temporal Association Between Maternal Depression and Paternal Postpartum Depression.

Introduction: Paternal postpartum depression may affect 28% of fathers, but its temporal association with maternal postpartum depression is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify the temporal association between maternal postpartum depression and paternal postpartum depression, considering mother's depression history and other clinical factors.

Methods: Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from Kaiser Permanente Colorado health records between 2008 and 2019.

Vaccination During Pregnancy in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, 2002-2022.

We described vaccinations during pregnancies starting in 2002 through 2022 in 8 Vaccine Safety Datalink healthcare organizations in the United States. During this period, the number of vaccinations per pregnancy increased, influenza and Tdap were the most frequently administered vaccines, and administration of contraindicated vaccines was infrequent. The Vaccine Safety Datalink can provide information about the real-world implementation of vaccination recommendations during pregnancy.

Early Childhood Vaccination Coverage and Patterns by Rural-Urban Commuting Area.

Introduction: National surveillance efforts have reported rural-urban disparities in childhood vaccination coverage by metropolitan statistical area designations, measured at the county level. This study's objective was to quantify vaccination trends using more discrete measures of coverage and rurality than prior work.

Methods: Serial, cross-sectional analyses of National Immunization Survey-Child restricted-use data collected in 2015-2021 for U.

Invalid Vaccine Doses Among Children Aged 0 to 35 Months: 2011 to 2020.

Background And Objectives: Vaccine doses provided outside the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for minimum and maximum ages of vaccination and minimum intervals between doses are considered invalid. Our objective was to quantify the prevalence of and factors associated with invalid doses among US children aged 0 to 35 months.

Methods: We analyzed provider-verified vaccination records from the nationally representative 2011-2020 National Immunization Survey-Child.

Lack of Evidence for Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Disease From COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adults in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.

Purpose: Vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED) is a theoretical concern with new vaccines, although trials of authorized vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have not identified markers for VAED. The purpose of this study was to detect any signals for VAED among adults vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed COVID-19 severity as a proxy for VAED among 400 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 from March through October 2021 at eight US healthcare systems.

National trends in patterns of under-vaccination in early childhood: National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2011-2021.

Background: The study's objective was to examine national trends in patterns of under-vaccination in the United States.

Research Design And Methods: The National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) is an annual cross-sectional survey that collects provider-verified vaccination records from a large national probability sample of children. Records from the 2011-2021 NIS-Child were used to assess receipt of the combined 7-vaccine series by age 24 months.

Medication-Induced Weight Change Across Common Antidepressant Treatments : A Target Trial Emulation Study.

Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but evidence on comparative weight change for specific first-line treatments is limited.

Objective: To compare weight change across common first-line antidepressant treatments by emulating a target trial.

Design: Observational cohort study over 24 months.

COVID-19 Vaccination in the First Trimester and Major Structural Birth Defects Among Live Births.

Importance: COVID-19 vaccination is recommended throughout pregnancy to prevent pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes associated with COVID-19 disease. To date, data on birth defects after first-trimester vaccination are limited.

Objective: To evaluate the associated risks for selected major structural birth defects among live-born infants after first-trimester receipt of a messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine.

Improving Antibiotic Prescribing for Children with Community-acquired Pneumonia in Outpatient Settings.

Objective: To assess whether a two-phase intervention was associated with improvements in antibiotic prescribing among nonhospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Study Design: In a large health care organization, a first intervention phase was implemented in September 2020 directed at antibiotic choice and duration for children 2 months through 17 years of age with pneumonia. Activities included clinician education and implementation of a pneumonia-specific order set in the electronic health record.

Trends of Antihypertensive Prescription Among US Adults From 2010 to 2019 and Changes Following Treatment Guidelines: Analysis of Multicenter Electronic Health Records.

Background: Guidelines for the use of antihypertensives changed in 2014 and 2017. To understand the effect of these guidelines, we examined trends in antihypertensive prescriptions in the United States from 2010 to 2019 using a repeated cross-sectional design.

Methods And Results: Using electronic health records from 15 health care institutions for adults (20-85 years old) who had ≥1 antihypertensive prescription, we assessed whether (1) prescriptions of beta blockers decreased after the 2014 Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) report discouraged use for first-line treatment, (2) prescriptions for calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics increased among Black patients after the JNC 8 report encouraged use as first-line therapy, and (3) prescriptions for dual therapy and fixed-dose combination among patients with blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg increased after recommendations in the 2017 Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines.