Designing and validating a questionnaire to understand beliefs, intentions, and behaviors relating to distracted driving in young people.

Distracted driving, particularly any activity requiring long glances toward a phone while driving, is common among young drivers and represents a significant road safety concern. This study used a theory-informed approach to design a questionnaire examining beliefs, intentions, and behaviors relating to distracted driving in young people. Semi-structured interviews with 20 high school students were conducted using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (IMBP) framework to explore attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Factors Associated with Seeking and Receiving Home Antiviral Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Home antiviral treatment (HAVT: nirmatrelvir/ritonavir [Paxlovid] and molnupiravir [Lagevrio]) for COVID-19 was approved in December 2021 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but ensuing utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic was low.

Snooze alarm use in a global population of smartphone users.

Snooze alarm use is a common, but poorly understood human behavior. We explore the prevalence and characteristics of snooze alarm use in more than 3 million nights collected in a global sample of users of a sleep monitoring smartphone application. On the nights that participants logged a sleep session, more than half (55.

Variations in Sleep, Fatigue, and Difficulty with Concentration Among Emergency Medical Services Clinicians During Shifts of Different Durations.

We sought to characterize momentary changes in fatigue, sleepiness, and difficulty with concentration during short and long duration shifts worked by emergency medical services (EMS) and fire personnel across the United States. In addition, we tested for differences in pre-shift and on-shift sleep stratified by shift duration. We examined real-time mobile-phone text message queries during scheduled shifts from the EMS Sleep Health Study, a nationwide, cluster-randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.

Resident Physician Intentions Regarding Unionization.

Importance: Resident physicians provide frontline care to approximately 70% of hospitalized patients. After decades of relative stability with a small minority of resident physicians unionized, unionization movements have succeeded in recent years at multiple major academic medical centers.

Objective: To evaluate resident physicians' unionization intention and the factors informing their unionization consideration at their institution.

Chronotype, sleep timing, sleep regularity, and cancer risk: A systematic review.

Sleep is a multidimensional modifiable lifestyle factor related to cancer risk. Prior research has primarily focused on sleep duration, despite the increasing importance of sleep timing and sleep regularity in the health research field. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing literature on the relationship of chronotype, sleep timing, and sleep regularity with cancer risk.

Consistent Direction Despite Wavering Policy: Reductions in Resident Physician Extended Duration Shifts Over 20 Years.

We examined data from 17,498 physicians-in-training who reported on 92,662 months of work over a 20-year study interval that included three major revisions to work hour limits. Extended duration shifts (≥24 hours; EDS) are much less common than they used to be. On average, first-year resident physicians (PGY1s) currently work a total of 4 EDS per year and 3 EDS per month during months in which any EDS are worked.

Accuracy of Three Commercial Wearable Devices for Sleep Tracking in Healthy Adults.

Sleep tracking by consumers is becoming increasingly prevalent; yet, few studies have evaluated the accuracy of such devices. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of three devices (Oura Ring Gen3, Fitbit Sense 2, and Apple Watch Series 8) compared to the gold standard sleep assessment (polysomnography (PSG)). Thirty-five participants (aged 20-50 years) without a sleep disorder were enrolled in a single-night inpatient study, during which they wore the Oura Ring, Fitbit, and Apple Watch, and were monitored with PSG.

Substance use and help seeking as coping behaviors among parents and unpaid caregivers of adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregiving responsibilities may have been associated with increased substance use. To characterize substance use to cope with stress and willingness to seek help among (i) parents, (ii) unpaid caregivers of adults, and (iii) parent-caregivers. Data were analyzed for 10,444 non-probabilistic internet-based survey respondents of the COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) initiative (5227 females, 5217 males).

Sleep and long COVID: preexisting sleep issues and the risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large general population using 3 different model definitions.

Study Objectives: Insomnia, poor sleep quality, and extremes of sleep duration are associated with COVID-19 infection. This study assessed whether these factors are related to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of a general population of 24,803 United States adults to determine the association of insomnia, poor sleep quality, and sleep duration with PASC.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a Risk Factor for Incident COVID-19 Infection.

Cross-sectional studies suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potential risk factor for incident COVID-19 infection, but longitudinal studies are lacking. In this study, two surveys from a large general population cohort, the COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) Initiative, undertaken 147 ± 58 days apart were analyzed to determine whether the pre-existing OSA was a risk factor for the incidence of COVID-19. Of the 24,803 respondents completing the initial survey, 14,950 were negative for COVID-19; data from the follow-up survey were available for 2,325 respondents.

Rapid Online Data Collection and Reporting to Local Health Departments during the Pandemic: The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) Initiative SARS-CoV-2 Case Surveys.

Objectives: To develop and implement a pilot online data collection tool to help local health departments with their COVID-19 pandemic response efforts and inform health department actions.

Design: The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) was an online survey and was distributed by participating sites to individuals who recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Surveys recorded participant demographics and assessed recent infection risk behaviors (eg, mask use, air travel), vaccination status, sleep and exercise habits, social behaviors and beliefs, and physical and mental health.

Sleep and long COVID: Preexisting sleep issues and the risk of PASC in a large general population using 3 different model definitions.

Study Objectives: Insomnia, poor sleep quality and extremes of sleep duration are associated with COVID-19 infection. This study assessed whether these factors are related to Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of a general population of 24,803 U.

Spatiotemporal light exposure modeling for environmental circadian misalignment and solar jetlag.

Background: Light exposure is the most powerful resetting signal for circadian rhythms. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a high-resolution geospatial light exposure model that measures environmental circadian misalignment (or solar jetlag) as the mismatch between the social clock and sun clock, which occurs from geographic variation in light exposure leading to delayed circadian phase from relatively less morning light exposure and greater evening light exposure with increasing westward position within a time zone.

Methods: The light exposure model (30 m spatial resolution) incorporated geospatial data across the United States on time zones, elevation (using Google Earth Engine), sunrise time, and sunset time to estimate solar jetlag scores (higher values indicate higher environmental circadian misalignment).

Association of Chronotype and Shiftwork With COVID-19 Infection.

This study assesses whether chronotype is related to COVID-19 infection and whether there is an interaction with shift work. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey of 19,821 U.S.

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with COVID-19 infection. Less clear is whether obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for the development of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey of a general population of 24,803 US adults to determine the association of obstructive sleep apnea with PASC.

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with COVID-19 infection. Fewer investigations have assessed OSA as a possible risk for the development of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Research Question: In a general population, is OSA associated with increased odds of PASC-related symptoms and with an overall definition of PASC?

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey of a general population of 24,803 U.

Public opinion of resident physician work hours in 2022.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize public awareness and opinion regarding resident physician work hours in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional survey among adults in the United States. Demographic quota-based sampling was conducted by Qualtrics to match 2020 United States Census estimates of age, sex, race, and ethnicity.