2025 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most prevalent cancer of thyroid and is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the United States. The practice guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) for DTC management in adult patients (previously combined with thyroid nodules) were published initially in 1996, with subsequent revisions based on advances in the field. The goal of this update is to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, and those involved in health policy with rigorous, comprehensive, and contemporary guidelines to assist in the management of adult patients with DTC, emphasizing the patient journey beginning with a thyroid cancer diagnosis.

Germline Variants in a Pan-Cancer Cohort.

Purpose: Germline likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants (LPV/PVs) in have been associated with an increased risk of various cancers including angiosarcoma, melanoma, glioma, thyroid cancer, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, to date, most of the published data regarding PVs involve cohorts of patients selected for specific cancer types, or stem from commercial laboratory cohorts from patients selected for germline clinical testing, which may cause ascertainment biases. The objective was to identify germline variants in a pan-cancer cohort and describe the associated phenotypes.

Global multi-ancestry genetic study elucidates genes and biological pathways associated with thyroid cancer and benign thyroid diseases.

Thyroid diseases are common and highly heritable. Under the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from 19 biobanks for five thyroid diseases: thyroid cancer, benign nodular goiter, Graves' disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and primary hypothyroidism. We analyzed genetic association data from ~2.

Differential activity of specific inhibitors of transcription regulating cyclin-dependent kinases in thyroid cancer cells.

'Superenhanced' transcription of oncogenes by aberrant looping of upstream enhancer elements to transcriptional regulatory regions is a mechanism of oncogene overexpression. Non-selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) that target transcriptionally regulatory CDKs, including CDK7, 9, 12 and 13, reduce mRNA levels of super-enhanced oncogenes and have activity against thyroid cancer cells. We hypothesized that more specific inhibitors of CDKs would have differential activities in thyroid cancer cells and may be suitable for further studies.

COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Ohio: analyzing the difference between metro and non-metro residents.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the rapid development and distribution of vaccines as a critical strategy to control the spread of the virus. This paper explores COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the state of Ohio, with a particular focus on the difference between metro and non-metro residents.

Method: Survey data collected as part of the IMPACT-Ohio Project were used for this study.

Proteomic Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer Identifies CAPN1 as a Key Regulator of NF1 and RET Fueled Growth.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a frequently metastatic tumor of the thyroid that develops from the malignant transformation of C-cells. These tumors most commonly have activating mutations within the RET or RAS proto-oncogenes. Germline mutations within RET result in C-cell hyperplasia, and cause the MTC pre-disposition disorder, multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2A (MEN2A).

RCAN1.4 regulates tumor cell engraftment and invasion in a thyroid cancer to lung metastasis-on-a-chip microphysiological system.

Progressive metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. It has been recognized that many cancers are characterized by long periods of stability followed by subsequent progression. Genes termed metastasis progression suppressors (MPS) are functional gatekeepers of this process, and their loss leads to late-stage progression.

mLumiOpto Is a Mitochondrial-Targeted Gene Therapy for Treating Cancer.

Mitochondria are important in various aspects of cancer development and progression. Targeting mitochondria in cancer cells holds great therapeutic promise, yet current strategies to specifically and effectively destroy cancer mitochondria in vivo are limited. Here, we developed mitochondrial luminoptogenetics (mLumiOpto), an innovative mitochondrial-targeted luminoptogenetics gene therapy designed to directly disrupt the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and induce cancer cell death.

Defining the Functional Sensitivity for the Siemens Atellica Calcitonin Assay: Insight From a Single-Center Study.

Background: Detectable, and especially rising postthyroidectomy serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels, as per American Thyroid Association guidelines, indicate potential disease presence, requiring frequent calcitonin measurement or imaging for early detection of persistent or recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thus, defining the clinical cutoff value of detection of calcitonin assays relative to imaging and clinical status is crucial for patient care. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative calcitonin levels using the new Siemens Atellica assay system to determine the most appropriate levels for clinical decision-making.

Telomere-lengthening germline variants predispose to a syndromic papillary thyroid cancer subtype.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. 10% to 15% of individuals show familial clustering with three or more affected members, but the factors underlying this risk are unknown. In a group of recently studied individuals with POT1 pathogenic variants and ultra-long telomere length, PTC was the second most common solid tumor.

Indolent Behavior of Malignant Bethesda III Nodules Compared to Bethesda V/VI Nodules.

Background: The Bethesda system classifies all fine-needle aspiration specimens into 1 of 6 categories. We speculated that cancers within each Bethesda category would have distinct clinical behavior.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients from a single academic medical center with a histologic diagnosis of thyroid cancer who had an initial diagnosis of Bethesda III, IV, V, or VI cytology.

Founder Variants and Thyroid Cancer Risk.

Germline pathogenic variants in are associated with a moderate increase in the lifetime risk for breast cancer. Increased risk for other cancers, including non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC), has also been suggested. To date, data implicating variants in NMTC predisposition primarily derive from studies within Poland, driven by a splice site variant (c.

Presumed Pathogenic Germ Line and Somatic Variants in African American Thyroid Cancer.

African American (AA) thyroid cancer patients have worse prognoses than European Americans (EA), which has been attributed to both health care disparities and possible genetic differences. We investigated the impact of both germ line and somatic variants on clinical outcome in a cohort of AA nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) patients who had received therapeutic intervention from cancer centers. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA from available blood/normal tissues ( = 37) and paired tumor samples ( = 32) collected from 37 and 29 AA NMTC patients, respectively.

Combined Vorinostat and Chloroquine Inhibit Sodium-Iodide Symporter Endocytosis and Enhance Radionuclide Uptake In Vivo.

Purpose: Patients with aggressive thyroid cancer are frequently failed by the central therapy of ablative radioiodide (RAI) uptake, due to reduced plasma membrane (PM) localization of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). We aimed to understand how NIS is endocytosed away from the PM of human thyroid cancer cells, and whether this was druggable in vivo.

Experimental Design: Informed by analysis of endocytic gene expression in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer, we used mutagenesis, NanoBiT interaction assays, cell surface biotinylation assays, RAI uptake, and NanoBRET to understand the mechanisms of NIS endocytosis in transformed cell lines and patient-derived human primary thyroid cells.

A tribute to Ernest L. Mazzaferri, MD and the lasting impact that he had on thyroid cancer care ten years after his death.

This viewpoint highlights the contributions of Dr. Ernest Mazzaferri, a prominent figure in the field of thyroid cancer care, who made significant contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Dr.

The Metastasis Suppressor Is Hypermethylated at Intron 1 in Thyroid Cancer.

Regulator of calcineurin 1.4 (RCAN1.4) is a functionally downregulated metastasis progression suppressor (MPS) in thyroid cancer; however, the mechanisms for RCAN1.

Adrenal Near-Infrared Autofluorescence.

Context: Parathyroid tissue is one of the few tissues to have strong near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence, which has been exploited to improve intraoperative parathyroid identification. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved 2 devices for this purpose. Adrenal glands can be difficult to distinguish from surrounding fat, an issue during total adrenalectomy.

Molecular testing in thyroid cancer diagnosis and management.

Molecular diagnostic testing has had a profound impact on the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Based on the tremendous expansion of knowledge of the genomic landscape of thyroid cancer over the past few decades, tests have been developed, analyzed, modified, and implemented into clinical practice. Genomic testing of thyroid nodules to improve preoperative diagnosis has become an important component supporting decision-making in clinical care, reducing the need for diagnostic surgeries and improving accuracy of cancer risk assessment.

Dabrafenib Versus Dabrafenib + Trametinib in -Mutated Radioactive Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Results of a Randomized, Phase 2, Open-Label Multicenter Trial.

Oncogenic BRAF mutations are commonly found in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and reports have shown efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in these tumors. We investigated the difference in response between dabrafenib monotherapy and dabrafenib + trametinib therapy in patients with BRAF-mutated radioactive iodine refractory DTC. In this open-label randomized phase 2 multicenter trial, patients aged ≥18 years with BRAF-mutated radioactive iodine refractory DTC with progressive disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.

Serum Thyroglobulin Measurement Following Surgery Without Radioactive Iodine for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.

The utility of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement following partial thyroidectomy or total/near-total thyroidectomy without radioactive iodine (RAI) for differentiated thyroid cancer is unclear. This systematic review examines the diagnostic accuracy of serum Tg measurement for persistent, recurrent, and/or metastatic cancer in these situations. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched in October 2021 for studies on Tg measurement following partial thyroidectomy or total/near-total thyroidectomy without or before RAI.

Active Surveillance Versus Thyroid Surgery for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Active surveillance has been proposed as an appropriate management strategy for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), due to the typically favorable prognosis of this condition. This systematic review examines the benefits and harms of active surveillance vs. immediate surgery for DTC, to inform the updated American Thyroid Association guidelines.