Plant Extracts in Acne Management: a narrative review.

Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with impaired pilosebaceous unit function leading to the development of noninflammatory and inflammatory lesions and, in some cases, persistent post-inflammatory erythema, hyperpigmentation and scarring. Acne pathophysiology is complex, involving altered sebum production and composition, abnormal keratinization, microbiome dysbiosis, and skin inflammation. Conventional therapies, such as topical retinoids, antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide, are the first-line treatments for mild-to-moderate acne, but antibiotic resistance and local adverse effects can have a negative impact on therapeutic outcomes, leading to a growing interest in alternative strategies for disease management.

Profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids using a retronecine-based untargeted metabolomics approach coupled to the quantitation of the retronecine-core in medicinal plants using UHPLC-QTOF.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are secondary metabolites of high toxicological relevance. Several PA quantitative methodologies were developed based on a limited number of certified standards, including time consuming solid phase extraction (SPE) purification steps. Herein, we shed light on the variability of PA in herbal extracts and propose a quantification methodology based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) for the evaluation of the total PA content as retronecine-equivalents (RE) directly from crude matrices.